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Key trends that shaped the fine wine market in Q3

The following article is an extract from our Q3 Fine Wine Investment report, which will be published next week.

  • Ongoing inflation and interest rate hikes led to increased volatility in mainstream markets.
  • The fine wine market in Q3 was a buyer’s market for two main reasons: availability of stock and falling prices creating value.
  • Two of the best value La Place releases were Almaviva 2021 and Masseto 2020.

High interest rates rattle global markets

Mainstream markets experienced a turbulent third quarter, mainly due to a marked rise in borrowing costs coupled with a substantial increase of nearly 30% in oil prices. As a major input in several industries, rising prices for crude oil led to overall increase in production costs, impacting profit margins and, ultimately, reducing stock prices. These developments created a challenging landscape for stocks and bonds, with investors opting for more liquid assets like cash that tends to be a safer short-term bet. This inclination towards liquid assets illustrated the unresolved struggle between the Federal Reserve and inflation, leaving investors navigating a path marked by heightened risk and uncertainty.

Fine wine’s downturn slows

Fine wine prices fell in Q3, but their declines gradually became smaller. For instance, the Liv-ex 100 index recorded dips of 3.1% in July, 1.3% in August and 0.1% in September, showing humble signs of recovery. The broader Liv-ex 1000 index dipped 3.9% in Q3. Italian wine fared well, thanks to strong performance from Tuscany and Piedmont, as well as older Bordeaux vintages which experienced slight rebounds. Global trading activity increased suggesting that interest is there for well-priced stock.

A buyer’s market

The fine wine market in Q3 was a buyer’s market for two main reasons: availability of stock and falling prices creating value. This was particularly noticeable in regions like Champagne. Some of the top and most desirable brands, which have an impressive mid- to long-term performance saw small declines in Q3. Buyers took advantage of this opportunity and demand increased. Such is the case with Dom Pérignon 2013, which has fallen 7.1% in value since its release in January but has been the most traded wine this year. The brand’s overall trajectory is upwards, with Dom Pérignon prices rising 64% on average in the last five years, and 133% over the last decade.

Assessing the La Place de Bordeaux campaign

Over 110 fine wines were released through La Place de Bordeaux this September. The overall pricing strategy bore similarities to Bordeaux En Primeur earlier this year: price increases that failed to take the current market environment into account. Some critics expressed the opinion that there weren’t ‘as many hits as usual’. Two wines that stood out as good value were Almaviva 2021 and Masseto 2020; the latter immediately generated trading activity above its release price.

Over the last decade, Almaviva prices have risen on average 167%, while Masseto is up 107%.

Stay tuned – our Q3 Fine Wine Investment report will be published next week. The report contains further analysis on the best-performing and most in-demand wines, and Q4 investment outlook.

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Differences and similarities between the fine wine and financial markets

  • The fine wine market is not correlated with mainstream markets yet there are some notable similarities and differences between them.
  • Global events and the law of supply and demand affect both the fine wine and financial markets.
  • Some of the main differences are tangibility, liquidity, the impact of time and factors influencing their performance.

The world of fine wine and the broader financial market might seem like distinct universes at first glance. However, there are intriguing similarities and differences between the two, which we examine below. 

Similarities between fine wine and financial markets

Both fine wine and financial markets provide lucrative opportunities for investors. While the latter showcases a plethora of options like stocks, commodities, and currencies, the former provides an alternative avenue for diversification, offering tangible assets, valued not just for their financial potential but also their historical and cultural significance. In stark contrast to the complexity and varied strategic approaches inherent in the financial markets, the wine market is more straightforward, predominantly guided by a ‘buy and hold’ strategy. Moreover, the universe of investable wines is notably narrower, typically centering around a select group of regions and producers.

Driven by demand

The laws of supply and demand are central to price determination in both markets. A rare vintage from a renowned vineyard or a wine produced in small quantities can fetch astronomical prices due to limited supply, mirroring the price surge of a high-demand stock or asset. For instance, Hubert Lamy Saint-Aubin Premier Cru Derriere Chez Edouard Saint Aubin has risen 189% in value over the last year due to low supply. The singular wine comes from a tiny plot of 0.7 hectares in Derrière chez Edouard, which was planted 20 years ago at 30,000 vines per hectare. At such a density, the entire plot only yields enough juice to fill the contents of a single barrel. In the world of stocks, demand has played a key role too. Nvidia – the company of the AI-fueled market rally – has been the best-performer in 2023, up 198%.

Impact of global events

Economic downturns, political events, and global crises can influence both the fine wine and financial markets. However, fine wine is less susceptible to global crisis. In fact, events that induce uncertainty usually drive investors towards more stable, tangible assets, which can include fine wines.

For instance, the fine wine market hit new heights during the Covid-19 pandemic, which saw a shift away from risk assets. Prices rose due to heightened demand for fine wine, which demonstrated remarkable resilience during the pandemic.

Expert valuations

Just as financial analysts predict stock performances, wine experts gauge the potential value of wines, guiding investors’ decisions. Investors can also follow the historical performance of their wines of interest with tools like Wine Track, which shows the performance of different brands over various time periods, as well as average prices and scores.

Differences between the fine wine and financial markets 

Tangibility

Investing in fine wine is an investment in tangible assets. The very bottle that appreciates in value over the years can be held, showcased, and ultimately consumed. Contrarily, financial investments, such as stocks or bonds, epitomise intangible assets, wherein the investment is in a concept or a digital representation.

Liquidity

The fine wine and financial markets have different levels of liquidity, which are rooted in their inherent trading characteristics. Fine wine tends to be less liquid, due to its tangibility, with transactions often slowed by factors such as the necessity for physical transport, authentication of products, and a comparatively limited buyer market. Additionally, investment-grade wines often necessitate longer holding periods to realise their gains, further reducing their liquidity. Meanwhile, the financial market is commonly cherished for its high liquidity, with assets like stocks and bonds that can be rapidly traded on large-scale platforms, accommodating a broad, active base of buyers and sellers.

The impact of time

The relationship between wine and time also sets these markets apart. While fine wine can age (which impacts its quality and value), financial assets do not inherently bear such physical transformations. However, their value may be just as susceptible to the passage of time and shifts in market dynamics.

Storage and maintenance

Fine wines require specific conditions for storage to retain or enhance their value, incurring additional costs. In contrast, stocks or digital assets don’t require such maintenance.

Factors influencing performance

In the wine investment landscape, several factors, including vintage quality, expert reviews, provenance, and global demand, play pivotal roles in determining a wine’s value and investment potential. Often burgeoning markets exert a profound influence, dynamically shaping global demand and investment flows, like China’s love affair with Bordeaux.

On the other hand, the financial market is steered by economic indicators and central bank policies, technological advances and corporate actions, such as mergers and acquisitions. Each factor, be it micro or macro in scale, casts its influence over the market’s performance, underscoring the multifaceted nature of financial investments.

Investor profiles

Fine wine appeals to a myriad of audiences, including collectors, connoisseurs, and institutional investors seeking diversified, alternative investment portfolios. The allure of tangible, appreciative assets, coupled with a penchant for oenology, makes this market a vibrant tapestry of participants.

Conversely, the financial market is frequented by a diverse mix of retail and institutional investors, brokers, and analysts. The widespread availability of resources, platforms, and instruments in the financial domain makes it accessible to an extensive demographic.

While the fine wine market and the financial market operate in distinct realms, the parallels and contrasts between them offer valuable insights. As with any investment, potential investors in either market should conduct thorough research and seek expert advice. 

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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How to include fine wine in your investment portfolio

  • Fine wine can serve as a stable, alternative asset in a diversified investment portfolio.
  • Investing in fine wine offers both economic resilience and long-term growth potential.
  • Proper storage and understanding of the asset are crucial for maximizing investment returns.

Fine wine, often associated with luxurious dining and celebratory events, has also gained recognition as a viable investment opportunity. This article explores how to strategically include fine wine in your investment portfolio, while highlighting its unique advantages and potential risks.

Positioning in the portfolio

In a well-diversified investment portfolio, asset allocation usually comprises a mix of stocks, bonds, and alternative investments. Stocks usually dominate, occupying roughly 50% of the total funds due to their potential for high returns. Bonds, typically accounting for 30% of allocations, offer a balance against the volatility of stocks. The remaining 20% is reserved for assets like real estate, hedge funds, cash, and alternatives. These offer a niche yet valuable opportunity for diversification. Industry experts typically recommend allocating a modest percentage of a portfolio to alternative investments, including fine wine. This provides enough room for additional returns without exposing the investor to excessive risk.

Fine wine as a recession buffer

One of the most striking attributes of fine wine as an investment is its resilience during economic downturns. Fine wine indices offer compelling evidence of how fine wine can act as a hedge during challenging economic times. For instance, in the first nine months of 2022, the stock market wobbled. The S&P 500 dwindled downward, losing 23.7% in value by the end of September. However, in perfect contrast, the value of fine wine (according to Liv-ex 1000) rose 14.1% in the same time frame. While it might be tempting to sell off when the markets are doing well, fine wine can be extraordinarily helpful when downturns hit.

Fine wine in today’s investment landscape

The growing interest in investing in fine wine is also tied to broader trends in the wine market. Investors who once focused solely on equities or property are now exploring tangible assets that offer stability and the potential for long-term investment growth. Many turn to reputable wine merchants, advisory platforms, or even a wine fund to gain exposure to blue-chip labels and established cult wines – bottles known for their scarcity, prestige, and demand among global collectors. Unlike buying wine for consumption, acquiring investment-grade bottles requires due diligence around provenance, storage, and market conditions. When approached strategically, this can become a powerful complement to more traditional assets, offering a level of diversification that improves with age – much like the wines themselves.

Long-term outlook

Investors should be aware that fine wine is an investment that rewards patience, and longer-term commitment. For instance, some fine wines, as shown on Wine Track, have seen four-digit returns in the last decade. On average, a bottle of Rene Engel Vosne-Romanee is up nearly 3,390% in value. The stellar growth can be attributed to the scarcity of the wine; the leading Burgundy winemaker Philippe Engel passed away in 2005 and the domaine was later sold to Francois Pinault and renamed to Domaine Eugenie. But this is not a single example. Leading fine wine indices show that the average value of a fine wine has increased by close to 70% in the last decade, and 340% in the last 20 years.

Patience is most definitely a virtue when it comes to investing in fine wine. The most long-term investors tend to get the highest returns. It is also crucial to note that fine wine is not as liquid an asset as stocks or bonds. Selling a wine may take weeks or even months, emphasising the need for a long-term investment strategy.

Proper storage

Preserving the quality of fine wine is crucial for realising its investment potential. Proper storage conditions, including a controlled environment with consistent temperature and humidity, are non-negotiable. The wine should ideally be stored horizontally to maintain cork moisture. Those unfamiliar with the intricacies of wine storage should consider hiring professional services. These specialised storage facilities not only offer optimal conditions but also provide insurance options to protect your valuable investment.

Understanding the asset

Fine wine is more than just a potential source of revenue; it is a tangible link to history and culture. Understanding the various factors contributing to a wine’s value, such as the region, vintage, and rarity, can offer more than just economic benefits. This multifaceted understanding can enrich an investor’s appreciation for the asset, making it a unique and satisfying component of a diverse investment portfolio.

In conclusion, incorporating fine wine into an investment portfolio requires careful planning, due diligence, and a long-term perspective to realise its full potential as a unique and rewarding asset.

FAQs: Investing in Fine Wine

1. Is fine wine a good investment for beginners?

Yes. Fine wine is increasingly accessible, especially through trusted merchants and fractional or managed investment platforms. Beginners should start with a small allocation and choose well-known, investment-grade producers.

2. How much should I allocate to wine in my portfolio?

Most experts recommend 1–5% of a diversified portfolio, depending on your risk tolerance and long-term investment goals.

3. Do I need specialist storage?

Absolutely. Improper storage can significantly reduce the value of a wine. Professional storage facilities maintain ideal conditions and handle provenance verification.

4. How long should I hold investment-grade wine?

Fine wine generally performs best over 5–10+ years. Some bottles appreciate meaningfully only after a decade or more.

5. How is fine wine different from the stock market?

Wine prices are driven by supply, scarcity, and global demand—not by broader market cycles. This makes wine less volatile and often counter-cyclical to equities.

6. Can I sell wine quickly if needed?

Wine is not as liquid as stocks. Depending on your platform or merchant, selling can take anywhere from a few days to several months.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The legacy of the 1855 Bordeaux Wine Classification and global rankings

  • The 1855 Bordeaux Wine Classification continues to serve as a touchstone that has shaped not only Bordeaux but also global perceptions of what constitutes a ‘fine wine’.
  • Wine-producing regions worldwide have developed their own unique classification frameworks, based on quality, price, and terroir.
  • Wine classifications serve as guides to quality standards, geographical origins, and historical context.

Wine classifications play a vital role in the wine industry. They provide a roadmap to understanding quality, origin, and prestige, offering guidance to consumers, collectors, and investors navigating an increasingly complex global landscape. Among all classification systems, none has shaped the perception of “fine wine” more enduringly than the 1855 Bordeaux Classification. Commissioned under Napoleon III, this historic ranking has influenced not only the wines of Bordeaux but also the way quality is defined in wine regions around the world.

While many wine-producing countries have since developed their own approaches, the 1855 hierarchy remains a benchmark – a symbol of excellence that continues to carry weight in the market nearly 170 years later. As the global wine industry has evolved, these classification systems have continued to adapt, offering insight into tradition, terroir, and changing consumer tastes.

The enduring legacy of the 1855 Bordeaux Wine Classification

The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 was commissioned by Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle de Paris, a world fair showcasing France’s greatest achievements. The task was assigned to the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce, which relied on brokers to organise a ranking of the region’s top wines based on their historical reputation and trading prices – effectively the earliest form of market data-driven classification.

Focusing on the prominent estates of the Left Bank, particularly the Médoc (with the exception of Château Haut-Brion in Graves), the system divided châteaux into five tiers:

  • Premier Cru (First Growth)

  • Deuxième Cru (Second Growth)

  • Troisième Cru (Third Growth)

  • Quatrième Cru (Fourth Growth)

  • Cinquième Cru (Fifth Growth)

The classification also included the sweet wines of Sauternes and Barsac, acknowledging their exceptional global reputation. The top honour in this category went to Château d’Yquem, which was placed alone in the rank of “Premier Cru Supérieur”.

Remarkably, the classification has remained largely unchanged. Its most significant revision occurred in 1973, when Château Mouton Rothschild was elevated from Second Growth to First Growth – a shift famously summed up by Baron Philippe de Rothschild’s quote: “First I am, second I was, Mouton does not change.”

Although revered, the system has also attracted criticism. Critics argue that basing the classification on 19th-century trading prices does not reflect modern winemaking improvements, changes in terroir management, or evolving stylistic preferences. The global wine exchange, Liv-ex, has created a similar classification that uses price alone to determine a hierarchy of the leading fine wine labels in the market.

The economic weight of the 1855 Classification

Today, the five First Growths – Château Lafite Rothschild, Château Latour, Château Margaux, Château Haut-Brion, and Château Mouton Rothschild º remain among the most recognised wines in the world. Their placement in the classification directly correlates with their position in the market:

  • They dominate indices such as the Liv-ex 50

  • They command significant global demand, particularly in Asia and the US

  • Their brand prestige drives price stability during global economic shifts

  • Their wines are among the most frequently traded worldwide

The classification also influences land values in Bordeaux. Vineyards designated as crus classés hold significantly higher economic value compared with non-classified properties, shaping investment, production decisions, and estate strategy in the Médoc and beyond.

The Saint-Émilion Classification

Bordeaux’s Right Bank offers a completely different approach through the Saint-Émilion Classification, first introduced in 1955. Unlike the 1855 system, Saint-Émilion’s rankings are revised approximately every ten years, giving producers the opportunity to move up or down the hierarchy. Its tiers include:

  • Premier Grand Cru Classé A

  • Premier Grand Cru Classé B

  • Grand Cru Classé

The dynamism of this model fosters competition, encouraging châteaux to innovate, invest in vineyards, and elevate their winemaking standards.

However, the classification has experienced its share of controversy. The most notable recent development was the withdrawal of three top estates – Châteaux Ausone, Cheval Blanc and Angélus – from the classification amid disputes over evaluation criteria. This highlighted the tensions between heritage, modern wine styles, and market realities.

Despite these challenges, the Saint-Émilion system offers a compelling alternative to Bordeaux’s more rigid 1855 structure, showcasing a model that evolves with the industry.

Classifications beyond Bordeaux 

Burgundy’s Cru System: Terroir above all

Burgundy’s classification differs dramatically from Bordeaux’s estate-based approach. Rather than ranking producers, Burgundy organises quality according to vineyard sites, rooted in centuries of understanding terroir:

  • Grand Cru – the most exceptional sites

  • Premier Cru – vineyards offering high-quality and distinctive character

  • Village – wines from specific villages with recognised identity

  • Regional – broader appellations such as Bourgogne AOC

Because vineyard parcels are frequently divided among multiple growers, two bottles from the same vineyard may vary widely depending on the winemaker. This creates a classification system that highlights terroir purity but also introduces complexity for consumers.

Burgundy’s terroir-centric model has deeply influenced New World regions such as Oregon, New Zealand, and Australia, where producers often refer to vineyard “blocks” or “crus” to differentiate their best sites.

Germany’s VDP Classification

Germany’s Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP) has developed a quality system inspired partly by Burgundy’s model. Its highest tiers include:

  • Grosse Lage (Great Growth)

  • Erste Lage (First Growth)

These designations highlight vineyards capable of producing world-class Riesling and other varieties. Additional layers address sweetness levels and stylistic diversity within German wine culture.

Italy’s Barolo and Barbaresco Crus

Italy’s famed Barolo and Barbaresco regions utilise an unofficial but widely recognised cru system that distinguishes vineyard sites based on terroir. While not supported by a formal hierarchy, these vineyard names – such as Cannubi, Brunate, and Rabajà – are understood to convey prestige and quality.

In 2010, Barolo introduced the Menzione Geografica Aggiuntiva (MGA), formalising many of these vineyard distinctions and bringing greater clarity to the region’s terroir identity.

Portugal’s Douro Classification

The Douro region, home of Port wine, boasts one of the world’s earliest classification systems, dating back to 1756 – nearly a century before Bordeaux’s. This system evaluated vineyard sites by potential quality, considering factors such as altitude, soil richness, and slope steepness.

Its long history makes the Douro system a precursor to modern terroir-based classifications that exist across Europe today.

Concluding thoughts

The 1855 Bordeaux Classification stands as one of the most influential frameworks in the history of fine wine. Its impact extends far beyond the Médoc, informing global perceptions of quality and influencing the classification systems that followed. Meanwhile, more dynamic models such as the Saint-Émilion rankings and Burgundy’s Cru system highlight that flexibility and terroir expression also have an important place in the wine world.

From Europe to the New World, classification systems continue to shape how we understand, value, and enjoy wine – serving as both historical artefacts and modern benchmarks in an ever-changing industry.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Is sustainable wine the next big investment trend?

  • Sustainability in wine encompasses various processes such as environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and long-term financial viability.
  • Sustainability appeals to a growing group of investors who want their money to do good while it grows.
  • Top wineries implementing sustainable practices include Bodega Catena Zapata and Château Pontet-Canet.

The wine investment market has diversified considerably in recent years, with sustainability becoming a core focus. As examined last week, environmental considerations are the number one reason why UK investors choose to invest in fine wine. Today’s article explores the criteria for sustainable wine, its appeal, risks and considerations, as well as the future prospects for this important market segment.

Defining sustainable wine

Sustainability in wine is a nuanced concept that goes beyond certifications like ‘organic’ or ‘biodynamic’ that you might find on a bottle’s label. These certifications are positive indicators but they do not provide a complete picture of a wine’s overall sustainability or its quality. In fact, while organic and biodynamic practices are steps in the right direction, they are not panaceas for all environmental challenges facing vineyards and wineries.

Truly sustainable wines are produced with a broader vision that encompasses not just environmental considerations, but also social and economic aspects. This holistic approach involves responsible land use, ethical labour practices, and a focus on long-term financial viability for producers.

Organic, biodynamic, and sustainable – what is the difference?

Organic wines are made from grapes grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilisers. Biodynamic wines take this a step further by integrating the vineyard into a self-sustaining ecosystem.

Sustainable wines, however, encompass a broader range of practices aimed at the long-term viability of the entire wine-producing operation. Various certifications, such as ‘Certified California Sustainable Winegrowing’, exist to label these wines officially. Organisations such as Sustainable Wine work to enhance clarity around sustainability in the industry as a whole from viticulture to packaging solutions and logistics.

The appeal of sustainable wines

Sustainability appeals to a growing cohort of investors who want their money to do good while it grows. Investing in sustainable wines satisfies this ethical imperative, thereby adding another layer of attraction to the investment.

Studies indicate a rising demand for sustainable products, including wine. This increased consumer demand means greater sales potential and, by extension, a probable rise in value for these wines over time.

Sustainable wines often come with compelling stories of environmental stewardship and community support. This narrative adds a unique selling proposition that can boost brand value and investment potential.

Risks and considerations

Like any investment, putting money into sustainable wines is not without risk. Market volatility, consumer preferences and supply and demand can impact returns as with any other investment-grade wine.

Another risk lies in the potential for ‘greenwashing’, where a wine’s eco-friendly credentials can be exaggerated. Investors must perform due diligence to ensure they are backing genuinely sustainable ventures.

How to invest in sustainable wines

The first step is comprehensive research: utilising online resources, expert reviews, and consumer reports to assess a wine’s investment potential and sustainable credentials. Diversifying your portfolio by including a mix of sustainable wines from various regions and price points can mitigate risks and increase the potential for rewards.

Pay close attention to ratings from renowned wine critics and industry experts. A high rating can significantly impact a wine’s market value.

Sustainability pioneers

Several wineries around the world are setting the bar high for sustainable practices. Frog’s Leap in Napa Valley is known for its organic and dry farming techniques. Germany’s Weingut Wittmann has also embraced organic farming and natural winemaking processes. In Argentina, Bodega Catena Zapata stands out for its sustainable farming and research into high-altitude winemaking. Château Pontet-Canet in Bordeaux is another success story, having converted to biodynamics in 2014 after various setbacks in 2007. Their journey underscores the long-term dedication needed for truly sustainable winemaking.

Future outlook

From water-saving technologies to renewable energy, the wine industry is continually adopting more sustainable practices, pointing to a robust market future. Experts predict the demand for sustainable wines will only grow, particularly as younger generations who prioritise sustainability come of age.

Sustainable wines present a captivating new frontier in wine investment, promising both ethical satisfaction and financial gains. As with any investment, there are risks, but the burgeoning market for these wines, coupled with their unique branding advantages, makes them a trend worth watching. For investors willing to do their homework, the opportunity is ripe for the picking.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The impact of climate change on wine investment

Climate change and wine investment
  • Environmental considerations are the number one reason why UK investors choose to invest in fine wine.
  • Fine wine itself is facing the effects of climate change such as reduction in yields.
  • Scarcity can drive demand and prices higher, but also lead to the broadening of the fine wine market.

Climate change and environmental considerations are the number one reason why UK investors choose to invest in fine wine, according to the results of our Global Wealth Manager Survey 2023. Over half (54%) of our respondents cited fine wine’s low carbon footprint as a key reason for adding it to their portfolio.

While there is a strong case why fine wine can be considered an ESG investment that is a good for the environment, fine wine itself is facing the impact of climate change. Like all agriculture, viticulture is at the mercy of the environment, making climate change a pressing issue for wine investors.

Changing weather patterns affect wine quality and quantity – two of the main factors that can make an investment profitable.

How changing weather patterns affect wine quality and quantity

In general, climate change can lead to alterations in grape ripening cycles, water stress, diseases and pests, and can affect berry size and composition.

Rising temperatures can cause early ripening, potentially disrupting the balance of sugars, acids and tannins – factors crucial for the quality of the wine and its ageing potential. Meanwhile, drought and irregular rainfall can lead to excessive water stress in the vines, affecting fruit development. Warmer temperatures can also bring new pests and diseases to regions previously unaffected, while heatwaves can cause grapes to sunburn, reducing yield and quality.

For instance, in 2023, two of the main fine wine producing countries, France and Italy, faced diverse weather patterns. France’s 2023 wine harvest projects between 44-47 million hectolitres, benefiting from potentially strong yields in Champagne and Burgundy. Italy, however, might see up to 14% reduction in yields due to extreme weather, marking it among its smallest harvests.

What does this mean for fine wine investment

Smaller harvests lead to reduced supply, and assuming that demand remains constant or increases, prices tend to rise. When news of a small harvest breaks, especially from a reputable wine-producing region, it can create a buzz in the trade. Buyers and collectors might perceive wines from that harvest as more valuable or unique, driving up demand and, subsequently, prices.

Moreover, a smaller harvest doesn’t necessarily mean reduced costs. Wineries still have to maintain vineyards, pay labour, and cover all production expenses. With fewer bottles to sell, the cost per bottle increases, which can result in higher prices for the consumer.

Supply and demand

This is a particularly pertinent question for regions, where scarcity is the main driver behind their investment appeal such as Burgundy. A recent example was the 2021 Burgundy En Primeur campaign, which saw drastically low volumes. The Bourgogne Wine Board (BIVB) pointed to a crop of 900 to 950,000 hectolitres, representing about 50% of a normal year and 2/3 of the average in recent years.

As a result, allocations were low and release prices were up 25% on average. This stimulated demand for older vintages at comparatively low prices, such as 2012, 2014 and 2017, as examined in our Q1 2023 report.

Overall, climate change can create scarcity in the market, pushing the entry point into some fine wine regions higher.

The broadening fine wine market

The rarity of some wines is leading buyers to also consider alternatives from other regions, impacting the size of the market. Today there are more fine wine investment opportunities than in any other point in history.

Changing weather patterns have also led to the emergence of new wine producing regions. For instance, England is now producing award-winning sparkling wines, due to warming temperatures. The country is still a niche player in the investment market, but some brands such as Nyetimber and Gusbourne Estate are making waves.

Climate change is reshaping the fine wine market, with some of the traditional regions forced to adapt their strategies. It is more than an abstract global concern; its palpable effects are shaping the fine wine industry, from agriculture to investment.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Risk tolerance in investing: the role of fine wine

  • Risk in investing refers to the potential for higher long-term rewards but also the possibility of losses.
  • High-risk investments can provide significant returns, but they also come with increased potential for losses.
  • Fine wine can be a low-risk investment with high growth potential and a hedge against inflation.

Understanding risk in investing

In the context of investing, risk signifies the potential variability of returns. It reflects the likelihood that the actual return on an investment may deviate from its expected return, which could mean either losing money or making more than anticipated.

Risk is usually calculated using statistical measures such as standard deviation and variance, which represent the degree to which an investment’s returns can vary from its average return. Greater variability implies higher risk and vice versa.

What does risk tolerance really mean?

Contrary to popular belief, risk tolerance is not about being an adrenaline junkie or being willing to lose all your money. It’s about your ability to endure potential losses in your investment portfolio without panicking or making rash decisions.

Risk tolerance depends on various factors, including your financial capacity to absorb losses, your investment goals, your time horizon (the length of time you plan to keep your money invested), and your emotional comfort with uncertainty and potential loss.

In long-term investments, it can actually be riskier for your wealth to invest solely in traditionally “low-risk” assets. This is because these assets may not provide the growth needed to achieve your investment goals, especially after accounting for inflation.

High-risk investments: high return or high loss?

High-risk investments experience significant price volatility, such as equities, commodities, high-yield bonds, and currencies. These usually have the potential to generate substantial returns; however, they can also lead to significant losses, including the entire amount invested in some cases.

While high-risk investments can be a part of a diversified portfolio, it is crucial to only invest money that you can afford to lose in these types of assets. And, most importantly, these investments should align with your risk tolerance.

Fine wine: a low-risk asset with high growth potential

Fine wine presents an intriguing investment prospect, particularly for those with a lower risk tolerance. As a tangible, finite asset, fine wine tends to appreciate with time and offers a level of stability that is often appealing to risk-averse investors.

Moreover, fine wine has shown high growth potential, with certain wines appreciating significantly over time. Some of the best investments in the last five years have been Prieure Roch Vosne-Romanee Le Clos Goillotte (588%), Egly-Ouriet Brut Millesime Grand Cru (340%) and various wines from Domaine Leroy and Domaine Arnoux-Lachaux. Similarly, the fine wine regions that have seen the highest return on average in the last semi-decade have been Champagne (69.9%) and Burgundy (35.5%).

Our Wine Track tool allows you to explore the best performing wines over different time frames, the price point upon which they are available, and their average critic score.

Understanding risk and your personal risk tolerance is essential in making sound investment decisions. Whether it’s high-risk or low-risk assets, or a combination of both, the key is to align your investments with your personal risk tolerance and financial goals. With its unique attributes, fine wine offers an exciting avenue for those seeking lower-risk investments with substantial potential returns.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The art of diversification: can fine wine create it?

  • Diversification is a risk management strategy that involves spreading investments across various financial instruments, sectors, and regions.
  • It is not just about different sectors and asset classes but also about different revenue streams.
  • Fine wine can serve as a practical alternative investment, providing portfolio diversification and being a hedge against inflation.

Understanding diversification

Diversification, often referred to as the only ‘free lunch’ in investing, is a cornerstone of modern portfolio theory. At its core, it is a risk management strategy used in investing where one spreads their investments across various financial instruments, sectors, and regions.

The goal of diversification is to mitigate risk by reducing the negative impact of a poor-performing investment on the overall portfolio. This is achieved by investing in assets that are not perfectly correlated. In simpler terms, when some investments are down, others may be up.

Debunking the diversification myth

A common myth in investing is that diversification only means investing in different sectors, asset classes, and locations. While these are significant aspects of diversification, it is not the whole story.

The essence of diversification is about establishing multiple revenue streams. The importance of different revenue streams cannot be overstated. The reason being, if one stream suffers due to economic downturns or sector-specific issues, the impact on the total income is cushioned by the performance of other streams. It is all about not putting all your eggs in one basket.

For instance, consider an investment portfolio that has stocks, bonds, and real estate investments. Even if the stock market faces a downturn, the bond market may still perform well, and rental income from real estate could continue to provide stable income. This way, different revenue streams ensure the portfolio remains balanced and resilient in the face of volatility.

Fine wine: an alternative avenue for diversification

When we talk about diversification, alternative investments often come into play. These can range from art and antiques to cryptocurrencies and fine wine. Fine wine as an asset class for investment purposes has been gaining traction over the past decade.

Fine wine offers several attractive characteristics as a diversification asset. It is tangible, finite, and its value tends to increase with age, making it a useful hedge against inflation. Moreover, the performance of wine as an asset class does not necessarily correlate with traditional financial markets, providing the much-needed diversification.

In periods of financial crisis, where traditional stocks and bonds may underperform, alternative investments like wine often remain steady or even appreciate. This is partly because they are driven by different demand dynamics – for example, the increasing global appreciation of fine wines, especially in emerging markets.

Investing in wine also offers the potential for impressive returns. A well-chosen wine portfolio can deliver strong performance over time. You can now see the best and worst performing wines over the last year on Wine Track.

Diversification within fine wine

Diversification also exists in the fine wine market. All wines are not made the same. Wines from different regions can deliver varying returns so it is important to have a broad understanding of the market dynamics that may affect performance over time.

For instance, rare Burgundies are known for delivering exceptional returns; however, the entry point tends to be higher, prices are more volatile, and the wines are harder to source. Bordeaux and the Rhône tend to offer greater stability at lower price points, but returns might not be as impressive.

Moreover, different factors may affect performance: while Champagne prices tend to exhibit greater correlation with age – as the wines mature, prices rise – the Bordeaux market tends to be influenced by critic scores and vintage quality. Scarcity, demand and supply, significant events, critic rankings, changes in ownership and the ‘death effect’ are other fine wine specific factors that can affect the performance of different regions.

In conclusion, while diversification may seem like a complex concept, it is a fundamental strategy in managing risk and ensuring the growth of your investment portfolio. Whether it is stocks, bonds, real estate, or fine wine, the idea is to spread out your investments, thereby creating different revenue streams to safeguard against market volatility. With its unique characteristics, fine wine offers an exciting opportunity to achieve portfolio diversification.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The role of wine ratings in fine wine investment

  • Wine ratings play a crucial role in wine investment, with high scores from influential critics impacting demand and market value.
  • To use ratings effectively, investors should consider both the initial score and potential for growth.
  • The Wine Track score provides a broader view of a wine’s quality across multiple vintages and publications, helping investors assess wines at a glance.

In the fine wine market, few factors influence demand and long-term value as significantly as wine ratings. For investors seeking to build an investment grade wine portfolio, scores from leading critics help signal quality, potential longevity, and the likelihood of future price appreciation on the secondary market. Yet while ratings can be powerful indicators, their relationship with wine investment is more nuanced than simply “higher score = better investment.”

When used intelligently, ratings become a strategic tool – one that helps investors compare wine producers, evaluate vintage quality, understand wine maturity, and identify undervalued opportunities before they rise in price. This article explores how critics shape the market, how scores evolve over time, and why aggregated metrics like the Wine Track score offer a more holistic assessment of investment wines.

Why wine ratings matter to investors

For decades, wine critics have shaped perceptions of quality and influenced global buying behavior. Ratings – most commonly expressed on a 100-point scale – serve as a shorthand for quality, providing investors with a quick way to compare wines from different regions, vintages, and producers.

But ratings go beyond simple quality indicators. They offer signals about:

  • Longevity: Wines with high ratings often have a longer projected drinking window, increasing their long-term value.

  • Demand: Collectors and consumers actively seek high-scoring wines, driving secondary market demand.

  • Stability: Consistently well-rated producers, especially in Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Napa Valley, tend to show more stable price trajectories over time.

  • Investment potential: A rising score – or consensus recognition across critics – often correlates with rising prices.

High scores from influential voices such as Robert Parker, Neal Martin, Jancis Robinson, James Suckling, and publications like Wine Spectator can move market prices almost overnight. For this reason, ratings have become essential to assessing investment grade wine, particularly among new investors building long-term portfolios.

How ratings influence the fine wine market

The fine wine market thrives on reputation, scarcity, and critical acclaim. When a wine receives a benchmark score – such as 100 points – it enters a new tier of desirability. Collectors take notice, merchants adjust pricing, and global demand increases.

1. Ratings drive immediate price reactions

When Wine Spectator announces its “Wine of the Year,” prices often jump dramatically on the secondary market. A clear example is Marqués de Murrieta Castillo Ygay Gran Reserva Especial 2010, which surged in price within hours of receiving the top spot.

Similarly, Parker’s 100-point scores for specific Bordeaux châteaux have historically pushed prices upward within days. Investment wines that once traded at reasonable levels suddenly become high-demand commodities.

2. Ratings shape long-term reputation

Some producers enjoy sustained market strength because of their track record of high ratings.

Examples include:

  • Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (Burgundy)

  • Château Lafite Rothschild (Bordeaux)

  • Harlan Estate (Napa Valley)

  • Gaja (Piedmont)

  • Penfolds Grange (Australia)

Consistency matters. When a producer repeatedly earns high critic scores, collectors gain confidence in their wines as long-term stores of value.

3. Ratings influence regional prestige

Critics can elevate entire regions:

  • James Suckling helped cement the global appeal of Super Tuscan wines in the 1980s and 90s.

  • Robert Parker transformed Napa Valley’s reputation by championing bolder styles of Cabernet Sauvignon.

  • Jancis Robinson brought Austrian wines into the international spotlight through her praise for their complexity and quality.

Strong critical support can reposition a region within the broader investment landscape, increasing demand and raising long-term value trajectories.

Ratings change over time – And so do investment opportunities

A crucial but often overlooked aspect of wine ratings is that they evolve. As fine wine matures in bottle, its character develops, tannins soften, and structure harmonises. Critics revisit wines at different stages of their drinking window, sometimes raising or lowering their scores.

The impact of score revisions

  • Upward revisions can significantly increase a wine’s secondary market price.

  • Downward revisions may reduce demand or dampen price momentum.

  • Some wines receive “barrel scores” or early tasting notes before bottling, making their final ratings even more impactful.

This score evolution creates opportunities for savvy investors:

  • Buy early: Identify wines with strong barrel scores or promising critic commentary.

  • Hold strategically: Wait for maturity to unlock higher scores and higher prices.

  • Sell at the peak: Monitor the drinking window and score trajectory to time exits effectively.

Understanding how ratings move during a wine’s maturity curve allows investors to spot undervalued vintages or producers poised for upward recognition.

Knowing the critics and selling wine

To use ratings effectively, investors should consider both the initial score and potential for growth. Some wines, especially those from renowned producers in prestigious regions like Bordeaux or Burgundy, are consistently well-rated and have a history of aging well. However, there are also opportunities to find “sleeper” wines – those with moderate initial ratings that improve significantly over time.

A key part of understanding and using wine ratings is understanding the critics. Each has a different palate and preference, and their ratings reflect these tastes. Robert Parker, for instance, was known for favouring bold, robust wines from Bordeaux, California, and the Rhône. However, since Parker’s retirement, the wine criticism landscape has been undergoing a gradual shift, reflecting changing consumer preferences and a growing appreciation for diversity in wine styles, such as lighter and lower-alcohol wines.

The Wine Track score – ratings at a glance

While individual critic ratings are valuable, they can sometimes conflict. To address this, investors are increasingly turning to aggregated metrics like the Wine Track score, developed to provide a unified evaluation of quality.

What the Wine Track score offers

  • A 100-point unified score across multiple vintages.

  • Data from 100+ global critics and 12 major publications.

  • A holistic view that smooths out individual critic biases.

  • Consistency assessment across vintages – useful for evaluating wine producers’ long-term performance.

  • At-a-glance insight into which wines are outperforming their peers in the fine wine market.

For investors, this provides a clearer, more reliable measure of investment grade wine potential, especially when comparing estates, regions, or vintages.

How investors can use wine ratings strategically

To incorporate ratings effectively into an investment strategy, consider the following frameworks:

1. Identify consistently high-scoring producers

Bordeaux First Growths, Burgundy Grand Crus, and top Napa Valley Cabernet producers show stable performance because of strong, reliable ratings year after year.

2. Look for “sleeper vintages”

Some vintages fly under the radar initially but gain recognition as they mature. Moderate early ratings that improve later often lead to strong price appreciation.

3. Pay attention to vintage variation

Even top wine producers experience vintage variability. Ratings can help pinpoint which years offer the best long-term value.

4. Use aggregated data for clearer insights

The Wine Track Score consolidates information, helping investors avoid over-reliance on a single critic’s preference.

5. Align purchases with drinking windows

Wines nearing peak maturity often increase in price as demand from drinkers rises. Ratings can help map these windows and guide buying or selling timing.

Ratings are a guide – Not the whole story

Although ratings significantly influence investment wines, they are only one factor in determining long-term value. To build a strong fine wine portfolio, investors should also consider:

  • Producer reputation

  • Region and vineyard classification

  • Market liquidity

  • Storage conditions

  • Historical performance of the secondary market

  • Long-term demand trends

Wine ratings are most powerful when used alongside these broader market insights.

Using ratings to build a strong wine portfolio

In the evolving landscape of the fine wine market, ratings remain one of the most influential tools available to investors. They provide clarity, signal quality, and help highlight which wines are most likely to appreciate over the long term. With aggregated systems like the Wine Track Score, investors now have access to richer, more comprehensive insights than ever before.

Ultimately, wine ratings are not the sole determinant of success –but when paired with market knowledge, storage discipline, and strategic buying, they can be instrumental in building a high-performing, investment grade wine portfolio positioned for strong long-term returns.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

 

 

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Navigating the fine wine market: insights for savvy investors

A version of this article by WineCap’s CEO Alexander Westgarth was first published in Forbes.

  • Fine wine has been traded for millennia although its popularity as an investment is more recent.
  • The fine wine market’s stability compared to stocks make it an effective volatility smoother, preserving wealth during market downturns.
  • Investors should consider factors such as illiquidity risk, storage costs, and insurance coverage, while positioning wine as a complementary asset within a diversified portfolio.

The world of fine wine has long captivated investors with its timeless allure. Wine appreciation and collection is one of the oldest practices; the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Phoenicians and Romans were all big traders of wine. Perhaps the first evidence of wine investment in the more traditional sense can be found in the writings of Thomas Jefferson, America’s third president. In 1787, he wrote that the 1786 vintage for top Bordeaux wines cost 1800 livres per tonneau compared to 2000 livres for the older 1783.

Today, the fine wine market is gaining popularity, not just among oenophiles; investors and wealth managers are looking to reap the benefits of this diverse asset class. New participants are eager to ensure they avoid potential pitfalls and make informed investment decisions. This article provides some of the key considerations for successful wine investing, showcasing the market’s potential at a glance.

Wine as a hedging asset

When constructing a well-rounded investment portfolio, it is crucial to consider the inclusion of fine wine as a hedging asset. Fine wine has a historical track record of retaining and increasing its value, even during periods of economic recession or financial uncertainty. Recent years are a case in point. While the world grappled with pandemics, wars and inflation, fine wine enjoyed an incline. Over the last half-decade, the average bottle of fine wine has increased in value by a notable 45%, according to the Liv-ex 1000 index.

Certain wines did exceptionally well over the pandemic. The standout players were Burgundy, Champagne and Bordeaux. At the start, fine bottles of Burgundy were selling for just under £200 (May 2020). But within two and a half years, average prices soared to over £325 (September 2022)—a return of 62%.

There are several reasons why wine tends to buffer against market shocks. Firstly, as a physical asset, it is less sensitive to inflation – just like property, gold or excellent art. Secondly, the market is private. Buyers are often high net worth or ultra-high net worth individuals, so they are wealthy and passionate. Thirdly, it is a rare and depleting asset.

The scarcity factor of fine wine makes it increasingly valuable over time. As purveyors open bottles, the demand outweighs supply and prices can soar. For instance, Domaine Leroy’s Nuits-Saint-Georges’ Aux Lavieres has experienced a remarkable 353% increase in value over the past five years, driven by its scarcity.

Wine can smooth out volatility

An excellent wine must be enjoyed slowly. In the same way, the wine market tends to move at a more gentle pace too. While stocks can sky-rocket or plummet in weeks, wine movements often take months. This can add much-needed stability to investment portfolios.

Wealth managers have harnessed the volatility-smoothing properties of wine to offset the erratic performance of other assets. Even a modest allocation of up to 10% can significantly reduce overall portfolio volatility and act as a valuable tool during market downturns. When inflation rockets, it can also help to preserve some of the wealth eroded through bonds and cash-like instruments.

Liquidity, storage and insurance considerations

Potential investors should be mindful of the illiquidity risk associated with wine investments. While the wine itself is a liquid asset, the investment tends to lack immediate liquidity. Investors should carefully assess their liquidity needs before embarking on a wine investment journey. Those who might need quick access to cash may want to include some cash-like investments like T-Bills or Bank CDs in their portfolio.

A buy-and-hold strategy typically yields the best results in wine investment. Selling too early can result in missed opportunities for substantial profits, especially when considering the maturity of the vintage. While digital platforms offer relatively quicker selling options, physical auction routes may take longer but can still deliver favorable outcomes.

Investors must also factor in the costs associated with wine investments. Unlike investing in public markets, fine wine incurs additional expenses such as secure storage and temperature control. Investors may also consider insurance, particularly when transporting wines between locations. Although these costs are generally affordable, it is advisable to research storage options, seek reviews, and negotiate insurance coverage within annual fees.

In the United Kingdom, fine wine investments often benefit from exemptions from capital gains tax. This favorable tax treatment can offset storage costs multiple times over, further enhancing the investment’s attractiveness.

Investing soberly

While the potential for substantial returns in fine wine investment is evident, it is crucial to navigate the market with prudence and awareness of potential pitfalls. Investors should maintain sufficient liquidity in their portfolios to handle unforeseen emergencies and consider the long-term costs associated with wine investments.

The key to successful wine investing lies in positioning wine as a hedging asset and volatility smoother within a broader array of assets. Although an exceptional bottle of wine holds its own allure, it should not overshadow the rest of the portfolio. Wine should be viewed as a stable and valuable component, working harmoniously with other investments to help investors achieve their long-term financial goals.

With careful consideration of market dynamics, wine’s inherent hedging properties, and a prudent approach to investment, investors can embrace the timeless elegance of fine wine while capitalising on its investment potential.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.