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How to build a diversified fine wine portfolio

Fine wine investment portfolio
  • A diversified wine portfolio spreads the risk across different wines and regions.
  • Each wine region has its own unique characteristics, and its performance is largely influenced by its own market dynamics.
  • Investors can also diversify their portfolio by vintages, including older wines for stability and new releases for growth potential. 

Fine wine is a popular investment for those seeking diversification and long-term growth. However, like any investment, building a successful fine wine portfolio requires strategic planning and a thorough understanding of the market.

This article explores key strategies for creating a balanced, diversified fine wine portfolio, and why it is important to include a variety of regions, brands and vintages.

Why diversification is key

As renowned economist Harry Markowitz put it, ‘diversification is the only free lunch in finance’. 

Diversification is fundamental to risk management in any portfolio, and fine wine investment is no exception. A diversified wine portfolio helps to reduce the impact of volatility, allowing investors to maximise returns by spreading risk.

While some wines may deliver higher returns, others can contribute to portfolio stability, as different regions tend to perform in cycles. This is why building a balanced fine wine portfolio requires selecting wines from a variety of regions, vintages, and holding periods. 

Diversifying by regions

Wine regions around the world offer unique characteristics, each with its own market dynamics. Including wines from multiple regions can help balance and strengthen an investment portfolio. 

Some primary regions to consider include:

Bordeaux: Bordeaux is undoubtedly the leader in the fine wine investment landscape, taking close to 40% of the market by value. The First Growths are its most liquid wines. In general, the classified growths are a staple in investment portfolios due to their established reputation and consistent performance.

Burgundy: Burgundy, driven by scarcity and rarity, is an investors’ paradise that has been trending in the last decade. Prices for its top Pinot Noir and Chardonnay have reached stratospheric highs and the region consistently breaks auction records.

Champagne: A market that attracts both drinkers and collectors, Champagne has enjoyed rising popularity as an investment in the last five years, thanks to strong brand recognition, liquidity and stable performance.

Italy: Italy continues to provide a mix of value, growth potential, and great quality. Its two pillars, Tuscany and Piedmont, are often included in investment portfolios for their balancing act – if Tuscany provides stability, top Barolo and Barbaresco tend to deliver impressive returns. 

California: Top Napa wines are among the most expensive in the market, while also boasting some of the highest critic scores, particularly from the New World. 

Emerging investment regions: As the market broadens, wines from other well-established regions are gaining traction in the investment world. Germany, Australia, and South America are some of the countries bringing a new level of diversity that can sometimes lead to higher returns.

Choosing vintages strategically

A well-diversified investment portfolio focuses on a range of vintages, as well as labels.

While older vintages offer stability and a more predictable market performance, younger vintages have a greater growth potential as they mature.

Older prime vintages: ‘On’ vintages, specific to each region, like Bordeaux’s 2000 or 2005, tend to have stable pricing due to their high quality and reputation. Including these in your portfolio can provide a foundation of reliability.

Younger vintages: Wines from recent years with high-quality (such as Bordeaux 2019) can offer growth potential over the long-term. As these wines age, their value often appreciates, providing long-term returns for investors willing to hold them.

Off-vintages: Investing in lesser-known or ‘off’ vintages can be worthwhile, particularly if the producer has a strong reputation. These wines are often priced lower but can perform well over time. Typically though not always they have a shorter holding period.

At the end, it is always a question of quality and value for money. 

Balancing short-term and long-term holdings

Fine wines vary in their optimal holding periods. Some wines reach peak quality and market value sooner, while others require decades of ageing. Creating a mix of wines with different holding periods allows for both short-term liquidity and long-term growth.

Short-term hold wines: These are typically wines from lesser-known producers, high-demand recent vintages or off vintages bought during periods of market correction.  These wines can be sold within a few years for a quick return.

Long-term hold wines: Wines from top producers, especially those known for longevity, are best held for 10+ years. For example, a Château Lafite Rothschild or Domaine de la Romanée-Conti can offer three figure returns if held over decades.

Active management for maximising portfolio success

Diversification is just one piece of the puzzle. Regular monitoring and occassional adjustments are essential for maximising returns in a fine wine portfolio.

Market conditions and wine values change over time, so staying informed and making adjustments ensures your portfolio remains aligned with your financial goals. Using tools like Wine Track or consulting with a wine investment advisor can provide valuable insights for rebalancing and enhancing your investment strategy.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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What is a market dip, and how can fine wine investors take advantage?

High end wine label bottles
  • A market dip is a temporary decline in prices, caused by economic or market-specific factors.
  • Buying the dip is advised when the underlying market fundamentals are favourable.
  • This is arguably the best time to invest in fine wine in a decade.

A market dip is a temporary drop in prices. This is often caused by economic or market-specific factors. In the fine wine market, these dips are less frequent and less volatile compared to traditional financial markets like stocks or bonds. While the fine wine market has been bearish three times since the turn of the century, global mainstream markets have experienced many more significant crashes. 

However, when a dip does occur, and provided that the fundamentals are strong, it can present a unique opportunity for buyers. Investors can enter the market, adjust their allocations or expand their portfolios with high-value brands and rare vintages at discounted prices. Sellers may look to liquidate their stock, offering rare and premium wines from regions like Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne at more attractive prices.

Currently, the fine wine market is benefitting buyers. While the temporary drop in prices might raise concerns on the surface, those who adopt a long-term, strategic approach can reap significant rewards by buying the dip.

Buying the dip when the fundamentals are strong

According to Sir John Templeton, the best time to invest is during ‘points of maximum pessimism’. With fine wine indices down over 20% from their 2022 peaks, this moment presents one of the best opportunities to buy in the last decade.

Fine wine fundamentals remain intact: wines improve with age, and become rarer over time as bottles are consumed. The market’s appetite for older vintages is still strong, and regions like Burgundy, Bordeaux and Champagne continue to break pricing records at auction.

Fine wine indices performance 2024

Current macroeconomic environment and its impact

The global economy is currently facing several challenges – rising inflation, high interest rates, and geopolitical tensions, all of which have contributed to the recent dip in fine wine prices. 

Despite these macroeconomic factors, fine wine remains less volatile than traditional markets. During times of economic uncertainty, fine wine’s tangible nature and intrinsic value have helped it weather storms better than more speculative assets like equities or cryptocurrencies. 

Additionally, the growing demand for luxury goods continues to support the fine wine market. This demand will likely drive the next phase of growth once global economic conditions stabilise.

Historical fine wine market rebounds

Another reason for confidence is that the fine wine market has consistently rebounded after periods of economic downturn. During the 2008 global financial crisis, the Liv-ex 100 index fell by 25% but had risen over 60% by mid-2011. 

20 year performance of Liv-ex 100 and Liv-ex 1000

Similarly, Bordeaux’s peak in 2011 was followed by Burgundy’s rise, showing that demand for fine wine remains strong even if it shifts on a regional basis. This is why diversity is key. 

The market is no longer dominated solely by top Bordeaux, and spreading your allocations across key wines and vintages can balance an investment portfolio and maximise returns.

How to take advantage of the dip in the fine wine market

For investors looking to capitalise on the current market dip, the strategy is clear: buy low and hold for the long term. 

Focus on proven performers: Wines from top regions like Bordeaux, Burgundy, Italy and Champagne have historically demonstrated resilience. Investing in top vintages and estates offers a measure of security.

Take advantage of fear-driven selling: As some sellers look to exit the market prematurely, investors can acquire undervalued wines with strong growth potential.

Diversify your portfolio: Spread your investment across different regions, producers, and vintages to mitigate risk and maximise returns.

Get in touch to discuss your allocations or to start building your fine wine collection. Schedule a consultation.

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How to Structure a Wine Investment Portfolio

Lady browsing WineCap site on laptop

A great deal can and has been written about how to structure a wine investment portfolio. Just Googling ‘Modern Portfolio Theory’, ‘Post-Modern Portfolio Theory’, or the ‘Efficient Market Hypothesis’ makes it clear that a few hundred words can only scratch the surface.

At times we may recommend – or clients may wish for greater exposure – to a particular sector. However, the common belief is that the best practice is to hold a good spread of assets and a good spread of asset classes. One of the (many) advantages wine has to investors is its relative simplicity and that it lends itself to fairly easy portfolio structuring.

Here are some things to consider when thinking about how to structure a wine portfolio: 

  • Know your goals & understand your timescales. You want to be able to take as much advantage as possible of wines’ ability to improve as it ages. As attractive as we think 2019 Bordeaux is, if you’re looking at a short hold it might not make sense to invest in En Primeur wine if its drinking window may not line up with your timescale.

  • Understand the veil of ignorance. While predictions can be useful, the future cannot be certain. Unless you have a functioning crystal ball, it’s good to have a reasonably broad selection. Hold a spread of regions, vintages and price points, but also keep an eye on holding varying formats too.

  • Don’t focus solely on the highest pinnacles when considering how to structure your wine investment portfolio. Oftentimes it is less heralded wines or vintages that outperform the market. Naturally, you’ll want to hold some tip-top wine, but make space for the less than stellar and perhaps even the objectively bad vintages. If you’re looking at well-priced examples of the best brands, there’s no reason to avoid off vintages on principle, Lafite 2007 and 2013 being great examples.

  • Have some flexibility. When building a portfolio we always have half an eye on the current shape of the wine market but it’s easy to be overly focused on sticking rigidly to a planned portfolio structure. Will it make a difference to your portfolio if you’re at 20% Burgundy or 25%? Probably a bit, but it is not going to be night and day.

It’s hard to know exactly what different sectors of the wine market will do in the next 12-24 months, but if you do your research and ensure broad holdings you can structure your portfolio for long-term stable growth. Want to talk to one of our experts about creating a wine investment portfolio in more detail? Schedule a call here.