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The rise of fine wine as a stable and sustainable investment

A version of this article written by WineCap’s CEO Alexander Westgarth was first published by Forbes.

  • A popular alternative investment, fine wine can plug the gaps left by struggling assets, helping to steady and raise performance across a whole portfolio.
  • As a tangible asset, fine wine delivers stability in uncertain times.
  • Part of the rising demand for fine wine can be attributed to environmental factors.

Between April 2020 and September 2022, the average bottle of fine wine rose 43.5% in value. While the fine wine market has dipped and corrected since, the general trajectory has historically pointed upwards.

Since 2004, Liv-ex data shows that the average bottle price tag has risen by 329.9%. While it can be a good investment, better still, fine wine is a great means to plug the gaps left by struggling assets, helping to steady and raise performance across a whole investment portfolio. Earlier this year, WineCap conducted a survey where we found that 92% of U.S. wealth managers believe demand for fine wine will increase over the next year. This is for three main reasons, and below we outline how to best take advantage of this asset’s potential for stability, sustainability and profitability.

Stability in uncertain times

We live in uncertain times. In the last year, businesses have had to cope with rocketing energy bills, inflation and interest rates. In times of hardship, people want something solid. This is why tangible assets like property, gold or fine wine tend to feel more precious during market downfalls. WineCap found that 56% of wealth managers invest in wine to add stability to portfolios across different market conditions.

It is not only wine. Across the entire investment landscape, there is an increased demand for reliability. In the past few months, gold prices have been rallying too. When the gold prices go up, this often indicates that investors are looking to preserve their wealth and shield it from market shocks.

At the same time, investors have been shying away from bullish investments like technology stocks. Apple, for example, has suffered significant dips. Microsoft shareholders have endured wobbly turbulence (though, at the time of this writing, the company is beating financial expectations). Likewise, the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite has been on a rocky ride over the past months.

As the choppy waters continue, many investors want steady ships to ride out the storm – not fancy speedboats. With its historically low volatility, fine wine delivers just that. Unlike stocks or bonds, fine wine prices do not tend to fluctuate massively as the market operates with its own dynamics. Regions like Champagne are currently seeing high levels of demand, not only because of the quality of the wines but the stability the region has historically offered.

Similarly, wines from Bordeaux, Tuscany and the Rhône may be more solid. However, not all fine wines are made the same. Extremely rare and highly coveted wines from Burgundy, for instance, can make a great investment but remain a riskier asset if stability is what you are after.

Demand for environmentally friendly assets

Our survey also found that investors are prioritising environmentally friendly assets, and 56% say they invest in fine wine because it is a sustainable asset class with a low carbon footprint. This trend is hardly surprising; 2023 has been the hottest summer on record.

Dozens of wildfires are actively blazing through the USA. Meanwhile, elsewhere, the excess water caused by melted ice caps means that flooding and torrential rains are washing away entire communities. In August, flash floods tore through Pennsylvania, killing five people. Naturally, investors are keen to put their money into assets that will mitigate some of the climate risks.

Part of the interest in fine wine can be attributed to environmental factors. Vines promote healthy soil quality and nourish pollinators, which are essential for biodiversity. A hector of vineyard soaks up a respectable 2.84 tonnes of carbon every year. The best winemakers use age-old sustainable practices. Many will even opt for a pony and cart rather than disturb the terrain with a tractor.

Some well-known organic producers include Burgundy’s Domaine Leflaive and the Bordeaux Fifth Growth, Château Pontet-Canet. While not officially certified, Burgundy’s Domaine de la Romanée-Conti also follows organic and biodynamic guidelines. Meanwhile, some producers are reducing bottle weight in pursuit of sustainability such as Burgundy négociant Albert Bichot, which has reduced the weight of their bottles from around 700 grams to 450 grams.

Climate-conscious investors can keep an eye out for wineries investing in a greener future.

Strong returns

According to our survey, almost half of the investors choose fine wine because they want strong returns. Historically, fine wine has offered generous returns over long periods without sacrificing quality or environmental qualities. Access to historical data, critic scores and current prices can help an investor identify whether a wine represents a good opportunity. Things to look out for include brand prestige, price per point, investment appreciation over different time frames and drinking windows. One can also get help from experts who understand the intricacies of the market, utilize the latest technology and closely follow the trends.

Stability, sustainability and profitability

Today’s investors are looking for stability, sustainability and profitability. Different from last year, they are often less prepared to invest in edgy technologies for the future. Instead, many are looking for solid investment results – ideally, ones they can hold. Fine wines fit this demand well. Although it already features in 45% of HNW portfolios, with average allocations of 13%, fine wine looks set to become even more popular. Like a classic vintage Champagne, the market is ready to pop.

Thanks to its diversity and growing attention from experts, producers and enthusiasts, fine wine could be well-placed to meet investors’ changing priorities in the years to come.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Bonds vs fine wine: what should you invest in?

  • Both bonds and fine wine can help to mitigate short-term risk in a portfolio.
  • After ten years the average bond delivers a 15% return, while fine wine – 78%.
  • Fine wine is an inflation-resistant asset, unlike bonds.
  • Bonds are generally much more liquid than fine wine.

Bonds are one of the most popular ways to invest. For decades, investment managers would opt for a strategy known as “60/40”, where 60% of the portfolio was allocated to equity and 40% to debt instruments. The idea was that the riskier equity (stocks and shares) would shield against inflation while helping to generate returns. By contrast, the more stable debt instruments (bonds and credit) would ground the portfolio and prevent it from plummeting during market downturns.

However, a lot has changed since then. Today, many experts comment that the 60/40 rule no longer applies. Instead, investors need to diversify much more to achieve more market stability. And they need to go further afield – into alternative assets – to find true inflation resistance.

In this article, we’ll compare the risk, value drivers, return, liquidity, and inflation characteristics between bonds and fine wine.

Both wine and bonds can mitigate short-term risk

Bonds come with many different risk levels. Some borrowers – like fledgling start-ups – are extremely likely to default. While there are others – like the governments of developed nations or blue-chip companies – that are almost definitely going to meet the repayments.

Occasionally investment managers will opt for extremely risky debt – known as a High Yield Bond strategy. But generally, most will allocate a greater portion of the portfolio to low-risk bonds, which tend to be rated AAA or Aaa by specialist agencies. This is usually to anchor the portfolio and help bring in stable fixed income.

Like bonds, fine wine is also generally a low-risk investment. Because the value is intrinsic, it is unlikely to plummet overnight. After all, fine wine will always be valuable. No matter what’s going on in the stock market, somebody will almost always want to buy it.

Investment managers will often add a small allocation to fine wine to help preserve wealth and mitigate risk. We have noticed that the wealthier the client, the higher the proportion tends to be. So, ultra-high net worth (UHNW) individuals and family offices generally have more fine wine in their portfolios.

The sources of value are different

While AAA bonds and fine wine may have similar risk levels, their revenue sources couldn’t be more different.

Investors make money from debt instruments like bonds by collecting the repayments from the initial sum, plus interest (the extra interest is known as “coupons”). With bonds, investors get regular revenue, which is why the asset falls under the category of “fixed income”. The repayments and coupons are usually paid quarterly.

By contrast, fine wine investors generally need to wait until they have sold the cask or bottle before they can access any returns. However, the returns are usually much more lucrative than bonds.

Wine has a stronger return profile

The average annual return of a bond is 1.6%. Usually, bonds will last for longer than a year though. Short-term bonds are around three years, mid-term is about five years and long-term is anything over a decade. Over ten years, investors gain an average of 15% returns. This means that if you invested £1,000, you could expect to get around £1,150 back.

One of the useful things about a bond is that investors should be able to clearly know how much they will get in advance. This is because the repayment terms and interest are already agreed upon, it does not depend on the ebbs and flows of market sentiment.

Like bonds, fine wine can also take some time to realise its return potential. But, on average, it’s much more profitable for investors than bonds. Figures from the Liv-ex 1000 index show that the average bottle of fine wine already brings returns of 23% after two years. After five years, that increases to 34%, and after ten to 78%. So, if you had invested £1,000, you could expect to get back £1,780%.

Liv-ex Fine Wine 1000 ten years

You can follow how specific bottles have performed over the past decade with Wine Track.

Bonds are more liquid than fine wine

There are two main ways to invest in bonds. You can buy them on the primary market and lend money directly to borrowers, or you can trade bonds on the secondary market. In the secondary market, the new buyer will then own the debt and pick up the repayments. This makes bonds quite liquid, meaning they are fairly easy to sell and turn into cash if you suddenly need the money. For publicly traded loans (rather than private debt) you should usually be able to sell a bond and expect the money in your bank account within a week.

Fine wine investors also have a primary and secondary market, but the process of trading is not usually so quick. For the best results, investors should wait until the wine matures before selling. But this can mean that the money is locked-up for months or years at a time. Some vintages, for example, can take upwards of twenty years to peak. If you sell early, you could miss out on valuable returns.

Before investing in wine, always consider your liquidity needs. It can be helpful to add-in some cash or cash-like investments into your portfolio in case you need to access funds quickly.

Fine wine is more inflation-resistant than bonds

Inflation occurs when the value of money decreases. Usually, this is because a central bank (like the Bank of England) prints more money to help the economy overcome a crisis, known as Quantitative Easing. While this measure may help to prevent a recession, sooner or later it usually needs to be reversed. When the economy is red hot, central banks normally need to hike up the interest rates to cool things down again. This can be painful for debt investors, and especially those holding long-term bonds.

Imagine that in 2019, you bought a ten-year bond to lend £1,000. At this time, the bank rate was set at 0.75%. Today (in 2023), you would still have six years left on your bond, but the bank rate has soared to 4.5%. The borrower will still be paying you the rate that was agreed in 2019. You could be paying more for your own mortgage or credit card than you’re getting back from your investment.

What’s more, the initial sum is becoming worth less by the day as high inflation of 8.7% grips the economy. If the inflation continues, by the time the bond is repaid, that £1,000 is the real value equivalent of just £740.55 today.

The downside of investing in bonds is that they don’t really protect you from inflation, especially over the long term.

Fine wine, on the other hand, is a good example of an inflation-resistant asset. Over the years, the value of precious bottles tends to keep up or even outpace Quantitative Easing.

There are many reasons for this. First and foremost, it is a physical asset like property and art, which acts like a wealth store. It is rare and depleting. Furthermore, the passionate and global market usually keeps prices at a healthy level.

The best approach is probably a mix of investments

As Nobel-prize laureate Harry Markowitz famously quipped, “Diversification is the only free lunch in finance”. This philosophy marks the cornerstone of modern portfolio theory. The idea is that you should invest in as many different revenue sources as possible to mitigate against risk. This means that for most portfolios there should be a blend of equity, debt (like bonds), alternative investments (like fine wine), real estate and some cash. Usually, the allocation to cash is about 5%.

Both bonds and fine wine have different investment characteristics. The trick is to use them in the most beneficial way to investors. For example, if you’re looking to grow your wealth over the long-term, fine wine is probably a better option. However, if you’re looking to generate regular income, investing in bonds could be a better bet.

There are interesting examples of bonds and fine wine working together within retirement portfolios. Fine wine is increasingly used as a growth generator to boost the investor’s wealth at the start of their pension journey. Meanwhile, bonds normally provide stable and regular income after the investor retires.

 

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

 

 

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Diversifying retirement portfolios: Why pension fund managers are turning to fine wine

  • Pension funds have increased investment in alternative assets like fine wine by 25% over the past two decades.
  • Fine wine provides stability and intrinsic value for pension planners, as it is unaffected by geopolitical events or high inflation levels.
  • Fine wine has delivered impressive returns of 40.3% over the past five years, making it an ideal asset for retirement planning and diversification.

Change is in the air. As both the bond and equity markets get shaken by turbulence, pension fund managers are increasingly turning to alternative assets, to hedge against economic shocks. According to one report, pension funds around the world have increased their exposure by 25% over the past two decades. The New York Teachers Retirement System, for example, is plunging a whooping 35% of money into alternative investments.

Private equity, property, hedge funds and commodities are among the most enduring alternative assets. However, little by little, institutional investors are dipping into collectibles like fine wine too. One of Canada’s mightiest pension funds, The Public Sector Pension Investment Board, recently acquired 35 iconic vineyards. Goldman Sachs has also been investing heavily in wineries, with a focus on medium and longer-term returns.

In this article, we’ll unveil what’s making wine so appealing to managers today, and how investors could use this unique asset to bolster their own retirement funds.

Fine wine’s intrinsic value is reassuring for pension planners

Unlike most other investments, wine’s world-famous flavors are not impacted by geo-political events or high inflation levels. Instead, they are affected by storage and temperature.

This gives investors – including fund managers – a welcome sense of reassurance. While they may have no control over the stock market, they can ensure that the wine is well cared for.

Over the decades, retirement planners can rest assured that their wealth is not subject to the twists and turns of the stock market. Instead, it comes from the intrinsic value and exquisite quality within the bottle. This can help to mitigate risk and offer valuable diversification.

Investors can find a bottle to match their retirement timeframe

One of the greatest appeals of fine wine is how it improves over time. Naturally, it’s an asset that complements decades-long investment strategies, like retirement plans.

As our CEO, Alex Westgarth, recently commented for Forbes, ‘Fine wine pairs well with younger investors with long-term horizons. A good Bordeaux, for example, can age up to 50 years. This can add a certain stability to your portfolios’.

An excellent wine will always be in high demand as it reaches maturity. And there will almost always be a passionate buyer willing to pay premium prices.

A great advantage for pension planners is that they can probably find a bottle on the market to match their retirement timeframe. While some wines might be best opened in fifty years, others may need just five. Finding the right wine for your unique timeframe can help you to hedge against market losses and meet your investment goals.

With time, premium bottles become rarer

As poet, playwright and novelist, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe famously quipped, ‘Life is too short to drink bad wine’. Ultimately, the asset is made to be enjoyed. People open investment grade wine to celebrate occasions or present as gifts. And, with time, certain vintages will become harder and harder to find.

When demand outstrips supply, prices increase. That’s another reason why long-term investments in wine can be a sensible alternative asset for pension planning.

As the climate crisis continues to impact vineyards, the scarcity factor is likely to further increase prices. The delicate and unique flavors in already-bottled wine could be the last of their kind within just a few years. This will further reduce supply.

Meanwhile, demand is growing by the day. The past decades have seen an impressive rise in Millennial and Gen-Z buyers. Sotheby’s have even noticed the average purveyor’s age shrink from over 60 to under 40.

What’s more, the vast surge of digital advancements are also bringing in new generations and groups of wine buyers.

If demand continues to grow, the tightening supply should lead to a continued increase in value.

Fine wine has an impressive record of beating inflation

There are several reasons why most pension funds begin by investing in equities. It’s partly because managers can afford to take on more risk with longer timeframes. But it’s also to avoid the devastating effects of inflation. Unlike cash, bonds or other debt instruments, equity is generally more inflation-resistant.

Fortunately, fine wine shares this same inflation-resisting quality. This could make it a strong contender for a pension investment plan.

Fine wine has a history of beating inflation. Since 2021, for example, while the UK has endured inflation rates of over 10%, the Liv-ex 1000 index has risen 33%.

During the middle and final investment years – when the pension pot is most at risk of inflation erosion – a healthy allocation to wine could help mitigate the risk.

Fine wine has a history of strong returns

Over the past five years, the fine wine has delivered returns of 40.3%, according to the Liv-ex 1000 index. What’s more, despite the incredibly erratic market, overall performance has been smooth and steady.

This makes fine wine a strong contender retirement planning. Fine wine has both growth and value characteristics, making it well suited for most pension plans.

How can fine wine be incorporated into a pension?

Usually the best way to add wine into private pensions – like workplace and Self-Invested Private Pensions (SIPPs) – is to speak to a financial advisor. This is because they can help you structure the fund in the most tax-efficient way.

When it comes to taxes, fine wine already has a head start. Fine wine is exempt from Capital Gains Tax. Because of this, your advisor may prefer to leave it out of a SIPP altogether and use the tax perks on other assets instead. But probably they would seek to allocate a proportion of fine wine into your overall retirement plan as a hedging asset or long-term growth generator. As an inflation-resistant and illiquid asset, wine generally lends itself to retirement planning well.

If you’d like to find out more about which wines could best suit your pension goals, we’d love to talk to you.

 

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Fine wine as a value and growth asset

Fine wine offers the benefits of different asset classes. As a long-term investment, due to the inherent premise that it gets better with age, fine wine would traditionally fall under the ‘value asset’ category. This is especially true as investors tend to buy and hold wine for decades before selling at a premium. 

However, since fine wine is a highly sought-after and depleting investment, it shows tremendous growth characteristics too. Over the past year, fine wine has delivered strong returns, with some bottles increasing in value by as much as 550%. This makes it more akin to growth assets. 

Could fine wine be considered both a value and growth asset?

Value assets have intrinsic value and are usually undervalued

When investors talk about value and growth assets, they are generally referring to publicly-traded stocks. This could mean huge blue-chip corporations like Coco-Cola, Microsoft, or Tesla, or it could be little-known and up-and-coming stocks. Generally, the market is extremely efficient and so finding an underpriced stock is hard work. Those who dedicate time and research to discovering these undervalued assets are known as value investors. 

Warren Buffet is perhaps the most famous value investor of all time. “It’s far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price,” he declares. For Buffet, seeking intrinsic value is the only real way to invest. Perhaps that is why he is such a fan of fine wine investments. Buffet has reportedly said that every portfolio should have at least a 1% allocation to fine wine. 

The value of fine wine can’t be measured the same way as a stock

To understand whether an investment offers good value or not, investors usually need to crunch a lot of numbers. But the process is a little harder outside of the stock market. Unlike traditional stocks and shares, analysts would be hard-pushed to calculate the price-to-earnings, debt-to-equity, or price-to-book ratios of fine wine. 

Firstly, this is because bottles, casks or barrels of fine wine do not offer “earnings” in the stock market sense. Bottles cannot pay dividends, and so buyers instead collect all their returns when they sell the asset.

Secondly, prices are variable. As fine wine is usually traded privately or through prestigious auction houses, the final sum is not always predictable – especially if you have two or more extremely passionate bidders in the room. As a result, bid-ask spreads are significantly greater than you’d find on the stock market. 

Finally, forecasting these values can be unreliable because in some cases wine prices are not always publicly available. However, as industry leaders, we do have a lot of this information. If you would like to get an insider idea of the latest auction results and performances, check Wine Track

While we may not be able to scrutinize the value of fine wine in the traditional sense, we can analyse the general trends and characteristics. From here, we can see how they hold up against traditional value stocks. 

Fine wine shares many of the long-term characteristics of value investments

As an asset class, fine wine behaves like a value investment. Some of the main characteristics are the “buy low, sell high” strategies, the long-term investment horizon, and stable financial returns. 

  • “Buy low, sell high” strategies 

Value stocks are generally underpriced on the market, meaning investors expect to make profits over time as the asset realises its true worth. This is remarkably similar to fine wine investments. Many purveyors will purchase the wine en primeur before it is even bottled to secure the best price.

At the time of writing, wines such as Domaine d’Auvenay have already delivered returns of nearly 8,500% over a ten-year period. This shows the incredible power of buying wine early, and holding. 

  • Buy and hold over the long-term

As the adage goes, fine wine gets better with age. High-quality Bordeaux, for example, takes 20-30 years to mature. Successful investors will generally buy and hold fine wine over the long-term. 

This approach mirrors the “value” philosophy perfectly. As Buffet himself warns, “If you aren’t willing to own a stock for 10 years, don’t even think about owning it for 10 minutes”.

  • Steady returns

Stability is another key characteristic of value investments. These assets should be able to sail through all kinds of market storms with minimal or zero disruption. Fine wine has delivered exceptionally stable returns over the last year, holding up against recessions and incrementally gaining value despite stock market chaos. 

Fine wine has compelling growth attributes too

On the face of it, fine wine seems to be a value investment. It is a steady long-term asset which gains value over time. Yet, despite its famous stability, this investment has also delivered some impressive short-term returns and it is an alternative asset, which push it more into the growth category. 

  • Fine wine is an alternative asset 

Investors looking for growth assets tend to accept volatility risk, as part of the trade-off for superior returns. Because of this, they are more inclined to look away from the reassurance of the stock market to find new revenue streams. Increasingly, unlisted property, private equity, hedge funds, high yield credit, long-duration bonds and alternative debt are finding their way into growth funds and portfolios.

 As an alternative asset, fine wine seems to fit snugly into the “growth” category. Yet, unlike these investments, fine wine is generally not volatile. 

  • Exceptional short-term returns 

Wine can, however, deliver exceptional short-term returns. Over just five years, fine wines such as Hubert Lamy have seen values increase by 1,223%. This is an extraordinary performance. To put this it into context, it took value stock Coco-Cola 24 years to deliver returns like this. 

Some fine wines are even demonstrating market-beating returns in extremely short timeframes too. Some brands like Hubert Lamy have enjoyed increases of over 450% in just three months. If you’d like to explore the greatest gains and losses in the industry, Wine Track is a useful resource. As you read, please remember that experts do not recommend investing for less than five years. 

Fine wine offers the best of both worlds 

Fine wine is a fascinating alternative investment because it seems to offer the best of both value and growth without the downfalls.  

Fine wine is a buy-and-hold asset which increases in intrinsic value over several decades, while offering historically-superior returns. It also holds up well in recessions and fights back against inflation. These are all classic characteristics of value investments. 

Meanwhile, some bottles have proven to be extremely lucrative over the short-term. These boosts in value are likely to continue as climate change ramps-up demand for scarce flavours. High gains in short periods of time – especially from alternative assets – are usually more commonly associated with growth investments. 

Therefore, fine wine is an incredibly versatile asset, suitable for different kinds of investment strategies. Whether you’re looking for value, growth or both, fine wine could help you reach your goals faster. 

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