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What makes fine wine a great portfolio diversifier?

  • One of the key characteristics that make fine wine an attractive diversifier is its low correlation to traditional financial markets.
  • Its scarcity and tangibility further drive up its value. 
  • According to the WineCap Wealth Report 2025, 96% of UK wealth managers expect demand for fine wine to increase, a testament to its growing recognition as a valuable asset class. 

Moreover, fine wine’s value is tied to its provenance, condition, and aging potential, making it a tangible investment with intrinsic worth. Unlike cryptocurrencies or speculative stocks, which can experience extreme fluctuations based on sentiment or market cycles, fine wine benefits from an established secondary market where demand remains steady among collectors, investors, and luxury buyers.

Inflation hedge and wealth preservation

Fine wine serves as a natural hedge against inflation, protecting purchasing power when traditional assets are eroded by rising costs. As inflation increases, the prices of hard assets like fine art, real estate, and fine wine tend to appreciate, maintaining their value in real terms.

Wealth managers increasingly recommend allocating a small percentage of a portfolio to alternative assets like fine wine to safeguard against economic turbulence.

Tax efficiency for UK investors

For UK-based investors, fine wine presents a significant tax advantage over traditional investments. Unlike stocks, real estate, or business assets that are subject to Capital Gains Tax (CGT), fine wine is classified as a “wasting asset”, meaning it has an anticipated lifespan of less than 50 years.

This classification makes fine wine exempt from CGT, allowing investors to realise profits without the same tax burdens as other asset classes.

For example, a traditional investment yielding a £5,000 profit could be subject to CGT at rates of up to 24%, reducing net returns. In contrast, a fine wine investment with the same £5,000 profit would be tax-free, maximising gains for high-net-worth investors.

This tax efficiency makes fine wine particularly attractive in wealth management strategies, especially as the UK government has lowered CGT allowances and increased tax rates in recent years.

Growing institutional and HNW investor demand

The perception of fine wine as a viable financial asset is rapidly evolving. Traditionally the domain of private collectors and enthusiasts, fine wine is now being incorporated into portfolios managed by wealth advisors, family offices, and institutional investors.

According to the WineCap Wealth Report 2025, 96% of UK wealth managers expect demand for fine wine to increase, a testament to its growing recognition as a valuable asset class. 

Additionally, AI-powered investment tools are making fine wine more accessible to a broader range of investors. Fine wine companies and professionally managed portfolios allow investors to gain exposure without needing deep industry expertise.

This institutional adoption further legitimises fine wine as a serious financial instrument, enhancing its liquidity and long-term viability.

Why fine wine deserves a place in your portfolio

Incorporating fine wine into an investment portfolio provides stability, tax efficiency, inflation protection, and strong diversification benefits. Its low correlation with traditional assets makes it particularly valuable during periods of market uncertainty, while its scarcity-driven appreciation ensures long-term value retention.

For investors seeking to protect and grow wealth, fine wine remains one of the most compelling alternative investments available today.

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WineCap Wealth Report 2025: UK Edition

Fine wine has cemented its position as the most sought-after collectible among UK high-net-worth individuals, according to the newly released 2025 UK Wealth Report. Drawing on fresh research from leading UK wealth managers and IFAs, the report explores how fine wine has continued to evolve from a niche passion asset into a strategic, tax-efficient component of diversified portfolios.

Key report findings:

  • 96% of wealth managers expect demand for fine wine to grow in 2025 – more than for any other luxury asset
  • 80% say fine wine’s exemption from Capital Gains Tax (CGT) is driving renewed investor interest amid tightening tax rules
  • 26% of portfolios now include fine wine in higher-risk strategies – up from 12% in 2024
  • Fine wine is entering retirement planning for the first time, with allocations rising from 0% to 6%
  • A generational shift is underway, with younger, tech-enabled investors embracing wine as a financial instrument

‘Fine wine is no longer reserved for collectors and connoisseurs – year after year our research shows that it is being viewed as a serious asset with strong fundamentals for growth, and valuable tax advantages,’ said Alexander Westgarth, Founder and CEO of WineCap. 

Market shifts and generational change

The report highlights a market in flux: seasoned collectors are beginning to liquidate long-held assets, creating increased supply and driving a slight dip in average portfolio allocations – from 10.8% in 2024 to 7.8% in 2025. However, this rebalancing is creating fresh opportunities for new entrants, particularly among Millennials and Gen Z investors who prioritise tangibility, transparency, and long-term performance.

Tax efficiency and diversification at the forefront

Fine wine’s unique tax status under UK law – classified as a ‘wasting asset’ and therefore exempt from Capital Gains Tax – makes it increasingly attractive at a time when HMRC has reduced tax-free allowances and raised effective rates. The report shows that 80% of wealth managers believe demand will rise due to this exemption alone.

The report further looks at the factors creating demand for fine wine, the impact of Trump’s policies on investment, and how AI is modernising the market. 

Download your complimentary copy of the 2025 WineCap Wealth Report and discover how fine wine can enhance your investment portfolio.

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WineCap Wealth Report 2025: US Edition

In a year marked by shifting interest rates, political uncertainty, and evolving investor mindsets, one asset is quietly holding its ground – and gaining new momentum: fine wine.

According to WineCap’s newly released 2025 Wealth Report, fine wine has once again claimed the top spot among collectible investments, with 94% of US wealth managers expecting demand to rise this year. 

Key report findings:

  • 94% of US wealth managers expect demand for fine wine to increase in 2025 (up from 84% in 2024)
  • Fine wine now appears in 28% of high-risk portfolios
  • 72% say high interest rates are a supportive factor for fine wine investment
  • 98% of respondents value wine’s independence from the US dollar as a macro hedge
  • 46% cite strong long-term returns as a key reason for rising demand
  • Portfolio allocations to wine now average 10.7%, reflecting more diversified investment strategies

‘Fine wine continues to prove itself as a robust and intelligent asset class,’ said Alexander Westgarth, Founder and CEO of WineCap. ‘While some seasoned collectors are selling to capitalise on earlier gains, we’re seeing younger, more data-driven investors enter the market – redefining how wine is used in wealth portfolios.’ 

Fine wine in the world of investment

According to the report, fine wine ranks higher than all other collectible investments for 2025. Confidence in its market stability, liquidity, and transparency places it above art, watches, whiskey, and luxury handbags.

In a post-pandemic landscape marked by inflation spikes, rate fluctuations, and policy shifts, wealth managers are increasingly recommending tangible assets with low correlation to equities. Fine wine’s appeal as an inflation-resistant, currency-independent, and globally traded asset makes it an attractive choice for investors seeking stability across economic cycles.

A maturing market

Despite a dip in average allocations from 13% to 10.7%, the report points to a healthy market recalibration – one where liquidity is improving, supply is expanding, and younger investors are driving new demand.

‘This is no longer a passion-driven niche – it’s a credible, data-backed, and globally relevant investment class,’ added Westgarth. ‘As the landscape evolves, we see fine wine becoming a cornerstone of modern portfolio diversification.’ 

The report further looks at the factors creating demand for fine wine, the impact of Trump’s policies on investment, and how AI is modernising the market. 

Download your complimentary copy of the 2025 WineCap Wealth Report and discover how fine wine can enhance your investment portfolio.

 

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2025 investment trends: Trump’s impact on global markets

We have conducted our wealth management survey again in 2025. Here is what UK wealth managers expect to happen with investment demand under Trump’s policies.

  • 94% of UK wealth managers favour US equities under Trump’s pro-business policies, and 90% predict growth in emerging markets.
  • 82% see UK property as a strong hedge against inflation, signalling a shift toward stability-focused investment strategies.
  • 58% of respondents highlight fine wine, art, and classic cars as attractive investments, reinforcing the trend toward tangible, wealth-preserving assets amid economic uncertainty.

With the return of Donald Trump to the White House in 2025, the global investment landscape is experiencing heightened volatility. Events could unfold in any direction given President Trump’s inherent unpredictability – making it more crucial than ever for investors to prepare for the unexpected.

His administration’s tax and trade policies – historically pro-business, protectionist, and favouring domestic production – are already creating ripple effects far beyond US borders. For UK investors, this means a reassessment of how political developments shape financial decisions.

While Trump’s policies could drive stock market rallies, lower corporate taxes, and encourage capital repatriation, they also pose potential risks – such as renewed tariff wars, increased market fragmentation, and a more aggressive stance on trade negotiations. 

The last time Trump held office, his administration imposed tariffs on European wines, disrupting trade and affecting fine wine markets in both the US and UK. In 2025, the geopolitical and economic landscape is vastly different, and while tariffs remain a possibility, the bigger picture suggests that alternative assets – including fine wine – may play an increasingly important role in UK investment strategies.

Investment trends forecast

The expected increase in demand for assets under Trump’s tax and trade policies underscores a broader flight toward stability, alternative assets, and tangible wealth preservation. The following results are based on a 2025 survey among UK wealth managers and independent financial advisors. 

Strongest performing asset classes

US stocks
US equities are projected to see the biggest increase in demand, favoured by 94% of investors. This is a continuation of the 2024 trend, fuelled by expectations of corporate tax cuts, deregulation, and a more business-friendly environment. Historically, Trump’s economic policies have supported stock market growth, and investors appear confident in a similar outcome this time around.

Emerging market stocks
Emerging markets follow closely, with 90% of respondents anticipating increased demand. During Trump’s first term, emerging markets posted positive results, achieving 13.6% annualised growth. However, with Trump’s history of trade wars and potential geopolitical tensions, investors are likely to tread cautiously, focusing on regions that align with US trade interests.

Property
UK property is also enjoying rising demand, according to 82% of wealth managers. At the start of 2025, buyer activity rose 13% year-over-year, with new sales agreed up 12% over 2024. More properties are reaching sale-agreed status, and a 10% increase in listings suggests previously hesitant buyers are re-entering the market. As real estate remains a hedge against inflation, demand for prime and luxury properties is expected to strengthen further.

Cash
The old adage ‘cash is king’ rings true for 80% of investors, reflecting a preference for liquidity amid economic and geopolitical uncertainty. With interest rates still elevated and market volatility expected, investors appear to be holding significant cash reserves, waiting for the right moment to deploy capital.

Alternative and safe-haven assets

Bonds
As fiscal policy and interest rate expectations evolve, 72% of investors see bonds as an attractive asset class. With central banks adapting to economic shifts, fixed-income investments may serve as a stabilising force in portfolios.

Non-US developed market stocks
While US stocks dominate, 72% of investors also foresee demand for non-US developed markets, particularly in regions that may benefit from a changing trade landscape.

Startups & venture capital
With Trump’s pro-business policies likely to fuel entrepreneurial activity, 70% of respondents see an uptick in demand for venture capital and angel investing. Lower corporate tax rates and deregulation could further incentivise innovation and high-growth sectors.

Luxury collectibles
The category that includes fine wine, art, and classic cars is expected to see greater demand, with 58% of respondents highlighting it as an attractive asset class. Given fine wine’s historical resilience during economic downturns and inflationary periods, investors may see it as a store of value amid uncertainty.

Moderate to low confidence assets

Digital currency
Despite Trump’s previous scepticism toward cryptocurrency, his recent endorsement of digital assets may explain why exactly half of respondents see further growth in this sector. While regulatory uncertainty persists, crypto remains a potential high-risk, high-reward investment.

Precious metals
Traditionally a go-to safe haven during market turmoil, precious metals received the lowest investor confidence in our survey. With only 48% forecasting increased demand, this suggests investors may be looking toward more dynamic, yield-generating alternatives rather than passive gold holdings.

Stay tuned for the 2025 edition of the WineCap Wealth Report – published next week.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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How is the price of fine wine determined?

Bordeaux Chateau and vineyard

The price of fine wine is influenced by a combination of tangible and intangible factors. For anyone interested in wine investment, understanding these factors is essential to making informed decisions. This guide explores the key elements that determine the price of fine wine, from production to market dynamics.

Producer and brand reputation

The reputation of a winery or estate significantly impacts the price of its wines. Prestigious producers, often with centuries-old traditions and consistent track records of quality, command higher prices. These brands have established trust and recognition in the global market, creating demand that sustains their premium pricing. A bottle from a renowned producer like Château Margaux, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, or Screaming Eagle is synonymous with luxury and excellence. Even wines from less prominent producers within these regions gain value by association, benefiting from the overall prestige of their appellation or terroir.

Vintage quality

The quality of the harvest in a particular year, known as the vintage, is one of the most critical factors in determining wine prices. Weather conditions during the growing season have a profound impact on grape quality, which in turn affects the wine’s flavor, aging potential, and market desirability. Exceptional vintages often garner high critical acclaim, making them highly sought after by collectors and investors alike. For example, Bordeaux’s 1982 vintage and Burgundy’s 2010 vintage are renowned for their excellence and have seen sharp price appreciation over time. On the other hand, wines from less favorable vintages may be priced lower initially or experience slower value growth.

Scarcity and production volume

Scarcity plays a pivotal role in determining the price of fine wine. Wines from small-batch producers or limited-production labels are often more valuable because demand outstrips supply. Additionally, the concept of “drink or hold” means that as bottles are consumed, the remaining supply becomes increasingly rare, further driving up prices. For example, cult wines from Napa Valley, which are produced in limited quantities, often experience rapid price increases due to their exclusivity. Over time, the scarcity of these wines enhances their desirability, making them a strong candidate for investment.

Critical scores and reviews

The opinions of influential wine critics and publications play a significant role in shaping a wine’s price. High scores or glowing reviews can lead to immediate surges in demand and pricing, while mediocre evaluations may suppress a wine’s market reception. A 100-point score from Robert Parker, for instance, can increase a wine’s price by 30-50% almost overnight. Wines with consistently high ratings from multiple critics maintain stronger long-term value, as these endorsements build buyer confidence and elevate the wine’s reputation in the market. Conversely, a lack of critical acclaim can limit a wine’s appeal, even if it has other desirable qualities.

Provenance and storage conditions

Provenance refers to the documented history of a wine’s ownership and storage. It is a crucial factor in maintaining and enhancing a wine’s value. Wines with impeccable provenance that have been stored under ideal conditions, such as controlled temperature and humidity, fetch higher prices at auction or in private sales. Poor storage or uncertain provenance can drastically reduce a wine’s worth, even if it is rare or highly rated. Auction houses and private collectors often highlight provenance as a selling point, justifying higher prices for bottles with a verifiable and pristine history. Wines sold directly from the producer or through trusted merchants also carry a premium for their authenticity and reliability.

Market trends and global demand

Broader economic and market trends significantly influence wine prices. Factors such as rising wealth in emerging markets, changing consumer preferences, and currency exchange rates can all impact global demand for fine wine. For example, growing interest in Burgundy from Asian markets over the past decade has driven exponential price increases for wines from this region. Shifts in consumer tastes, such as a preference for organic or biodynamic wines, can also affect pricing, as these categories attract a more environmentally conscious audience. Additionally, economic stability in key markets often correlates with increased investment in fine wine, further bolstering demand.

Age and maturity

The age and maturity of a wine are also critical in determining its price. As fine wine ages, its value often increases, especially as it approaches its optimal drinking window. Collectors are willing to pay a premium for wines that have been properly aged, as this reduces the time and risk associated with cellaring young wines. For example, a young Bordeaux might sell for $200 upon release but appreciate to $500 or more as it nears its peak drinking years. This appreciation makes aged wines particularly attractive to both collectors and investors seeking reliable returns.

Regional prestige and classification systems

Certain wine regions, such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Napa Valley, carry inherent prestige that significantly influences pricing. Classification systems, like Bordeaux’s 1855 Classification or Burgundy’s Grand Cru designations, further bolster a wine’s market position. For instance, First Growth Bordeaux, such as Château Latour, consistently commands higher prices than less prestigious classifications, regardless of vintage. Similarly, Burgundy’s Grand Crus outperform wines from lesser designations due to their perceived quality and exclusivity. This regional prestige not only affects initial pricing but also contributes to a wine’s long-term appreciation potential.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Fine wine vs crypto? History, volatility and market returns

Bitcoin cyrpto currency versus fine wine as an asset
  • Fine wine offers steady, long-term growth with controlled price fluctuations, while Bitcoin’s extreme volatility presents both high-risk and high-reward opportunities.
  • Fine wine’s centuries-old market is supported by scarcity, provenance, and established ecosystems, contrasting Bitcoin’s shorter, speculation-driven history.
  • Fine wine appeals to risk-averse investors seeking diversification, while Bitcoin caters to those pursuing rapid investments.

Bitcoin has recently captured investment interest as it surged past the $100,000 (£80,000) benchmark for the first time in December last year, up from $45,000 (£36,000) at the beginning of 2024. With its meteoric rise fuelled by regulatory approvals for cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds and mostly the results of the US presidential election, Bitcoin demonstrated its ability to deliver unparalleled gains. Yet, crypto remains a high-risk asset defined by dramatic volatility. From its genesis in 2009, Bitcoin has seen multiple boom-and-bust cycles, with price swings of over 50% in both directions within a single year not uncommon. 

By contrast, fine wine represents a markedly different asset class, appealing to those who prioritise stability and long-term appreciation. The fine wine market has a storied history spanning centuries, with values driven by scarcity, provenance, and global demand rather than speculative hype. While prices in the fine wine market can fluctuate, they tend to avoid the extreme volatility seen in cryptocurrencies. Instead, they enjoy steady growth that outpaces inflation and provides a reliable hedge against economic uncertainty.

Volatility

Bitcoin’s price chart tells a story of rapid ascents and precipitous falls. For example, its 2017 bull run saw prices climb from £800 ($1,000) to nearly £16,000 ($20,000) only to crash to £2,400 ($3,000) the following year. Similar patterns occurred in 2021 and again in 2024, leaving investors questioning when the next downturn might strike.

Fine wine, on the other hand, avoids such dramatic shifts. Prices typically rise or fall within a controlled range, supported by consistent demand from collectors and investors worldwide.

Historical context

Cryptocurrencies are a product of the digital age, with Bitcoin gaining widespread attention only over the past decade. Its rise has been driven by speculative interest, technological innovation, and the allure of decentralisation. However, its short history leaves it vulnerable to regulatory uncertainties, technological disruptions, and shifting investor sentiment.

Fine wine, conversely, boasts a legacy that stretches back centuries. Iconic regions like Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Tuscany have long been synonymous with quality and value. Investments in fine wine are supported by an established ecosystem of producers, merchants, and auction houses. This historical grounding provides a level of security that new asset classes like cryptocurrency struggle to match.

Market performance

One of the defining features of fine wine as an investment is the importance of regional performance. For instance, Burgundy has risen 550% on average over the last twenty years, with some wines achieving returns of over 1,500%. 

The world of fine wine has its own higher risk and higher return investments but it also offers a range of reliable long-term performers. This is why building a fine wine portfolio requires expertise and careful curation. A well-diversified portfolio includes big brands but also undervalued wines and vintages from a variety of regions which can see their value rise based on demand, critic scores, age or other intrinsic factors. 

Liquidity: fast vs steady

Liquidity is another key difference between fine wine and crypto. Bitcoin can be bought and sold 24/7 on global exchanges, making it one of the most liquid investments available. However, this liquidity can exacerbate price swings, with significant moves often triggered by news events or changes in market sentiment.

Fine wine, while less liquid, offers a more controlled market environment. Secondary sales typically occur through investment companies and trading platforms, with prices reflecting a stable and growing investor base. This slower pace can be an advantage for investors seeking to avoid speculative bubbles.

Diversification and portfolio strategy

In today’s investment landscape, fine wine and cryptocurrency appeal to very different investor profiles. Bitcoin caters to those seeking high-risk, high-reward opportunities, while fine wine offers steady, long-term growth and diversification. Incorporating both into a portfolio can provide balance, but the emphasis should align with an investor’s risk tolerance and financial goals.

Fine wine also underscores the importance of expertise. A portfolio focused on iconic regions and proven vintages can deliver strong returns, with minimal exposure to the broader market’s ups and downs. As seen in the market of 2024, the best-performing wines relied on deep knowledge of regional trends and intrinsic dynamics.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Mouton Rothschild: 2022 label and market performance

Mouton Rothschild 2022 wine bottle label
  • The 2022 Mouton Rothschild label has been revealed. 
  • Mouton Rothschild is the best performing First Growth over the last decade. 
  • The wine has also outperformed the Liv-ex 100 and Bordeaux 500 indices.

Unveiling the 2022 label

Bordeaux First Growth Château Mouton Rothschild revealed its 2022 label design on December 1st.  Created by French artist Gérard Garouste, the original artwork commemorates the 100th anniversary of Baron Philippe de Rothschild’s leadership at the family estate. 

The label showcases the château’s iconic front wall and a grapevine, elegantly framed by a portrait of Philippe de Rothschild and a ram, his signature emblem.

The tradition of artist-designed labels began in 1945, when Baron Philippe de Rothschild marked the end of World War II with a special artwork featuring a ‘V’ for victory, designed by Philippe Jullian.

As previously explored, this practice has significantly enhanced Mouton Rothschild’s collectability, and the wine’s value has typically risen in the month following the label reveal. 

Mouton Rothschild 2022 wine bottle label

Mouton Rothschild: ahead of the pack

While the artist designed labels alone are not the key drivers of Mouton Rothschild’s investment performance, the wine does lead the way among its peers. It is the best performing First Growth over the last decade. 

Mouton Rothschild prices have risen 50.3%, compared to 42.3% for Margaux and 36.9% for Haut-Brion. Both Lafite Rothschild and Latour have increased by close to 30% over the same period.

Bordeaux First Growths Wine chart

From the market’s low in June 2014 to its peak in September 2022, Mouton Rothschild recorded a 76% increase. It was the first First Growth to recover from the correction following the China-driven wine boom. 

During the recent market downturn, Mouton Rothschild has exhibited relative resilience. Prices have fallen 13.8% since its peak. Only Haut-Brion has seen a smaller decline of 13.1%. The biggest faller has been Lafite Rothschild, down 22.8% since September 2022. 

Mouton Rothschild and the broader market

Mouton Rothschild is also nicely positioned in the broader wine investment market. It has outperformed the industry benchmark, the Liv-ex 100 index, which is up 40.9% over ten years. It has also fared better than the Liv-ex 50 (17.5%), which tracks the price movements of the First Growths, and the broader Bordeaux 500 index (27.8%).

Mouton Rothschild performance

Mouton Rothschild has demonstrated consistent strength in the fine wine market, supported by its established history and strategic positioning. The estate’s practice of commissioning artist-designed labels has enhanced its collectability, strengthened by its reputation for quality.

The release of the 2022 label marks another milestone in the estate’s history. Mouton Rothschild’s performance, both in terms of relative resilience during market downturns and long-term growth, highlights its role as a reliable component in a well-diversified wine investment portfolio.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The impact of trade wars and tariffs on fine wine investment

The impact of trade wars and tariffs on fine wine investment
  • As an internationally traded asset, fine wine is affected by economic and political factors including trade wars and tariffs.
  • Demand for certain wines and regions can shift as tariffs directly impact pricing, availability and liquidity.
  • Diversification and strategic investment are key to navigating the fine wine market amid trade wars and tariffs.

Over the past two decades, fine wine has transitioned from a luxury product to a well-established internationally traded investment asset. Like any asset enjoying global demand, fine wine is subject to the economic and political forces that shape international trade. 

Legislative decisions, such as changes in taxation and import duties, can directly impact its pricing and accessibility. Trade wars, tariffs, and protectionist policies further add layers of complexity, affecting demand, market stability, and ultimately, investment returns. This article explores how these trade factors influence the fine wine investment market and what investors need to consider.

How trade wars affect wine demand and pricing

Trade wars often involve the imposition of tariffs or import duties on goods traded between countries, which can create a ripple effect across industries and markets. When tariffs are imposed on wine, they can create price volatility, limit access to certain markets, and reduce liquidity, which can impact the investment performance of the affected wines and regions.

For example, in the ongoing trade tensions between the United States and the European Union, wine has frequently been a target for tariffs. In 2019, the USA imposed a 25% tariff on certain European wines in response to a dispute over aircraft subsidies. This tariff included wines under 14% alcohol, impacting popular wine-producing regions such as France, Spain, and Germany, but excluded Champagne and Italy. As a result, Champagne and Italy took an increased market share in the US; when the tariffs were lifted, Bordeaux and Burgundy enjoyed an immediate uptick.  

Market impact of the 2019 US tariffs on European wine: In 2019, Bordeaux accounted for 48% of the US fine wine market on average, according to Liv-ex. From October 2019 to the end of 2020, Bordeaux’s average share of US buying fell to 33%. Burgundy’s share also declined – from 13% before the tariffs to 8%. Conversely, demand for regions exempt from the tariffs rose significantly during this time. Champagne rose from 10% to 14%, Italy from 18% to 25% and the Rest of the World from 4% to 10%. Regions exempt from the 25% US tariffs also saw the biggest price appreciation in 2020. For the first time on an annual basis, Champagne outperformed all other fine wine regions. This led to its global surge. 

Market impact of the 2020 Chinese tariffs on Australian wine: In 2020, China imposed tariffs on Australian wine amid a series of blows to Australian exports, which had a profound impact on Australia’s budding secondary market. Since the tariff introduction, prices for some of the top wines dipped, creating pockets of opportunity. For instance, the average price of Henschke Hill of Grace fell 4%, while Penfolds Bin 707 went down 9%. Since the tariff suspension earlier this year, Australian wine is coming back into the spotlight. 

When it comes to pricing, tariffs can drive up the end cost of imported wine, particularly impacting markets where fine wine demand is driven by consumers with limited domestic alternatives. When tariffs make imported wines prohibitively expensive, consumers may turn to other regions or domestic products. 

From an investment perspective, the unpredictability of trade policies requires a strategic approach that accounts for potential regulatory changes in key markets.

Strategic wine hubs in tariff-influenced markets

In response to tariffs, some regions have positioned themselves as strategic wine trading hubs by offering tariff-free or reduced-tariff environments for wine trade. Hong Kong, for example, abolished its wine import duty in 2008, aiming to become the “wine trading hub” of East Asia. 

This decision has proven instrumental for the fine wine market in Asia, as investors from mainland China and other countries can access European wines without the additional costs that would apply if purchased domestically. As a result, Hong Kong has emerged as a leading location for wine auctions and a key destination for collectors and investors in Asia.

The role of trade agreements

For regions with established wine industries, trade agreements and economic alliances play a significant role in shaping wine tariffs and market access. The European Union, for instance, has trade agreements with multiple countries, allowing for reduced tariffs on wines imported from places like Australia and Chile. However, Brexit has introduced new complexities, as the United Kingdom – one of the largest fine wine markets – now operates independently from the EU. 

For investors navigating the fine wine market amid trade wars and tariffs, diversification and strategic storage are essential. Diversifying across different wine regions and vintages can help minimize exposure to trade barriers affecting specific countries. 

Additionally, storing wine in bonded warehouses can mitigate the risk of sudden tariff impositions on wine imports, preserving the asset’s value. Monitoring geopolitical developments is also crucial, as policy shifts can happen quickly and have immediate effects on wine prices. 

While trade wars and tariffs present complexities, they also create opportunities in the fine wine investment market. In a politically charged landscape, understanding the influence of trade policies on wine markets is critical. By staying agile and responsive to policy changes, investors can better navigate the complexities of wine investment in a globalised yet fragmented market.

Want to learn more about fine wine investment? Download our free guide.

 

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Bordeaux correction: top wines 20% below their peak

Left Bank Bordeaux vineyards
  • Top Bordeaux labels are now approximately 20% below their peaks achieved during the last decade.
  • Lafite Rothschild has been the hardest hit, driven lower by classic vintages such as 2018, 2009 and 2000. 
  • The recent fall in prices has brought many labels back to levels not seen in years.

As recently explored, the fine wine market has been on a downward trend, but what does this mean for individual labels? Today, we turn to Bordeaux’s top names, examining the recent performance of some of the most investable wines in the world.

Bordeaux after the peak

Top Bordeaux labels are now approximately 20% below their peaks, achieved during the last decade. 

Bordeaux wine indices

The First Growths, which often serve as the barometers of the fine wine market, had been riding high, with September 2022 marking a peak in pricing for Lafite Rothschild, Mouton Rothschild and Margaux. 

However, since then, the landscape has changed dramatically. Lafite Rothschild, once the shining star, has fallen by 28.6%, the most severe decline among the top names. Margaux and Mouton Rothschild have also taken significant hits, falling by 17.1% and 17.5%, respectively.

On the Right Bank, the situation is no different. Petrus, which peaked in December 2022, has since dropped by 21.4%, while Le Pin, which reached its high in February 2023, has declined by 20.3%. These losses have brought prices to levels last seen several years ago.

First Growths peaked in September 2022, since then:

  • Lafite is down 28.6% 
  • Mouton is down 17.5% 
  • Margaux is down 17.1% 

On the Right Bank:

  • Petrus is down 21.4% since its December 2022 peak
  • Le Pin is down 20.3% since its February 2023 peak

The Lafite fall: a deep dive

Lafite Rothschild – the second most-searched-for wine on Wine-Searcher – has seen the steepest decline since its peak, with prices plummeting 28.6% on average.

Which vintages have contributed to its fall over the last two years? The 2018 (WA 100 points) has been the hardest hit, down 35.9%. The wine was originally released at levels akin to the brand’s bull years, due to high critic scores, but failed to offer the best investment value. The recent price adjustment has made it a more attractive proposition. 

Older vintages that have had more time to grow have similarly fallen in value by over 30%. The classic 2009 Lafite, which boasts 99+ points from Robert Parker himself, is down 31.1% over the last two years. 

The millenial vintage, with a drinking window that extends well into the 2050s, is currently 32.6% below its peak. 

Lafite Rothschild wine vintages performance

Buying levels: back to the square one

The recent fall in prices has brought many labels back to levels not seen in years. Lafite, for example, has returned to its 2016 pricing levels, while Margaux and Mouton are back to 2020. On the Right Bank, Petrus and Le Pin have both returned to their 2021 levels.

While this might raise concerns on the surface, it presents a compelling opportunity. The scale of the correction suggests that Bordeaux wines, while still highly valued, may have been oversold in the last 18 months. 

For those looking to enter or expand their portfolios, this could represent a chance to acquire top-tier wines at a significant discount before prices start to rise again.

As with previous corrections, price declines are often followed by periods of recovery. For wealth managers and clients with a long-term investment horizon, the current situation may be seen as a momentary blip in an otherwise upward trajectory.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Profiling the fine wine investor in 2024

London city high net worth individuals
  • Nearly 30% of the UK’s high-net-worth (HNW) investors incorporate fine wine into their portfolios.
  • They tend to be cautious, but in 2024, investors with balanced risk profiles are increasingly dipping into the world of drinkable assets.
  • Since last year, the demographic has shifted a little towards less experienced investors, indicating that new HNWs could be getting involved with fine wine.

Fine wine, historically a passion-driven investment, has predominantly attracted older, seasoned investors interested in both enjoying and preserving their wealth. However, recent trends indicate a shift as younger, less experienced investors in the UK are increasingly drawn to fine wine for different reasons – not least because the fine wine market has become more accessible.

Fine wine allocations in investment portfolios

In 2024, nearly 30% of the UK’s high-net-worth (HNW) investors incorporate fine wine into their portfolios.

66% are allocating up to 10% of their portfolio to fine wine, with the remaining 34% reserving over 11%. In 2024, 2% are allocating over a third of their portfolio to fine wine. This trend reveals a more polarising wealth distribution, considering that last year just half of wealth managers kept fine wine allocations under 10%, but none invested over 30% of their wealth in fine wine.

Investors’ risk profiles

Fine wine investors tend to be the cautious type. According to our 2024 wealth management survey, 88% of respondents incorporate fine wine into portfolios for investors with a ‘somewhat cautious’ or ‘extremely cautious’ risk tolerance. As fine wine can help provide stability, it can have a calming influence on overall performance. 

Cautious investment portfolios also generally contain a greater proportion of bonds and cash-like assets. The inflation-resistance of wine can help to buffer out some of the risks this can present over the long term. 

The remaining 12% tend to use wine for balanced portfolios (compared to 10% last year). None of the respondents use the asset for clients with higher risk tolerances.

In 2024, around 2% of respondents are using fine wine for ‘somewhat aggressive’ portfolios. As fine wine has historically exhibited strong growth during recessions and periods of high inflation, it could easily be used to diversify high-risk portfolios. 

Fine wine investment risk profile UK 2024

Investment experience

In line with this trend, over the past 12 months, fine wine has started to move beyond the realm of ‘very experienced’ investors. The slow spread towards ‘experienced’ and ‘somewhat experienced’ investors suggests that fine wine is becoming a more mainstream asset. 

This move could be prompted by the demand to invest in sustainable and low-carbon assets. As this trend is particularly strong with younger investors, it fits that they could have less experience. 

This year, 52% of UK wealth managers rated their investment clients as ‘very experienced’ with fine wine, compared to 62% in 2023. Meanwhile, clients with medium or limited experience grew their fine wine investments.

Fine wine investment experience UK 2024

Fine wine has long been perceived as an exclusive, somewhat intimidating investment, traditionally reserved for a privileged few. But as our recent research indicates, attitudes are slowly changing.

For more information on the changing fine wine investors’ demographics, read our exclusive Wealth Report 2024: UK Edition.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.