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Bordeaux 2022 leads critics’ top wines of 2025

  • Global critic lists show unprecedented diversity across regions and styles.
  • Bordeaux 2022 was in the spotlight across major publications.
  • Collectible wines and investment-grade wines differ – only some critic favourites have long-term market potential.

Each November, major critic publications around the world release their annual Top 100 wines of the year rankings. Rather than showcasing the wines only released in the past twelve months, the lists highlight standout bottles tasted throughout the year, spanning vintages, regions, and stylistic expressions.

A clear trend emerges from looking at past and current lists: increasing diversity. Critics are no longer focusing exclusively on tried-and-true regions like Bordeaux, Napa, or Barolo. Instead, their selections – this year spanning wines from Etna to Stellenbosch, Central Otago to Morgon – reflect the global expansion of fine wine quality, elevated vineyard management, and the growing maturity of the market.

Critic choices largely align with broader shifts seen in the fine wine investment landscape. As quality rises around the world, more wines now boast age-worthiness, critical acclaim, and technical precision. However, this raises an important point: not all critic-favourite wines carry investment potential.


A collectible wine may be rare, high-scoring, or culturally important, while an investment-grade wine must also demonstrate a proven secondary-market track record, liquidity, stable long-term demand, and price performance history.


Below, we explore three of the most influential 2025 global rankings and what the top wines reveal about the state of the fine wine market going into 2026.

Wine Spectator’s Wine of the Year

Wine Spectator’s annual Top 100 list is arguably the most commercially impactful ranking in the global wine calendar. Historically, the No. 1 Wine of the Year has triggered immediate surges in demand, and often dramatic price rises, across global markets. A clear example came in 2023, when Argiano Brunello di Montalcino 2018 – previously quiet on the secondary market – experienced a rapid uptick in both demand and value within days of receiving the top spot.

Wine Spectator's top 5 wines 2025

In 2025, the top position went to Château Giscours 2022, marking a major endorsement for Bordeaux’s strong 2022 vintage at a time when the region often finds itself facing criticism. Senior Editor James Molesworth explains: ‘Recent vintages have been mercurial in quality, while the region’s annual spring en primeur campaigns have fizzled. Tariffs haven’t helped. But if you needed a reminder that Bordeaux still makes some of the greatest wines in the world – and that its producers can evolve with changing times – the Château Giscours Margaux 2022 is your wine. This third-growth classified estate earns our top honor this year.’ 

Molesworth further highlights the wine as the culmination of decades of rebuilding work at the estate: ‘The efforts of Van Beek to surpass numerous obstacles over a generation is a clear example of how wine is a long game.’ The critic notes that recent improvements, including refined harvesting practices and guidance from consultant Thomas Duclos, have helped elevate quality, vintage after vintage. In 2022, these efforts culminated in a grand vin that Wine Spectator describes as fresh, seductive and finely detailed, with no second wine produced due to the exceptional quality of the harvest.

The rest of the top four represent a strong showing for California. Aubert’s UV-SL Chardonnay (No. 2) was praised as the union of ‘a renowned winemaker, a special vineyard and an exceptional vintage.’ Meanwhile, Ridge’s Lytton Springs 2023 and Williams Selyem’s Eastside Road Neighbors Pinot Noir 2023 reflect the continued strength and stylistic diversity of Californian wine across Dry Creek Valley and Russian River Valley.

Rounding out the top five is another Bordeaux 2022 wine: Château Beau-Séjour Bécot. Wine Spectator calls it a ‘dreamy wine’, reinforcing the broader pattern seen across both critic and market attention this year. Bordeaux 2022 is clearly one of the defining narratives of the 2025 rankings, earning major positions across multiple publications.

Vinous’ top 100 wines of 2025

Vinous’ annual list, which Antonio Galloni says aims to capture the ‘diversity and dynamism of today’s wine world,’ showcases wines of exceptional quality, character, and excitement rather than simply the highest-scoring bottles.

Vinous' top five wines 2025

This year, Italy takes the top spot with Monsanto’s Il Poggio, which Galloni calls “a total stunner” and “one of the very finest Il Poggios ever made.”

One of the most notable placements comes at No. 2: Van Loggerenberg’s “Graft” Syrah 2024 from South Africa. Neal Martin awarded it 98 points, praising its mineral character, balance, and crystalline finish – another sign of South Africa’s accelerating rise in fine wine quality.

The third wine in the list represents a more classical pick, but with a symbolic shift. With ownership passing to Henri Lurton’s children, Martin sees the 2022 Château Brane-Cantenac as a defining benchmark: ‘A year when… the 2022 is a benchmark for the Margaux estate, its future North Star.’

The list continues with strong representation from both New and Old World producers, including Frog’s Leap’s classically styled 2023 Cabernet Sauvignon and Tenuta delle Terre Nere’s deeply structured Etna Rosso San Lorenzo.

James Suckling’s favourite wines of 2025

James Suckling’s team tasted over 45,000 wines in the last year, making his Top 100 one of the most globally comprehensive. His selections prioritise balance and drinkability – wines that shine immediately, whether from bottle or barrel.

James Suckling's top five wines 2025

His top wine – Château d’Issan 2022 – reflects the broader dominance of Bordeaux’s 2022s across his list. Suckling emphasises that the vintage remains one of the biggest stories of the year, praising how the wines show focus, brightness and precision despite extreme heat and drought. He compares 2022 to other hot-vintage classics such as 1982, 1959, 1947 and 1928, all of which have stood the test of time, an important indicator for long-term growth. 

Suckling also notes how the accessibility of 2022 Bordeaux – widely released, easy to sample, and available across markets – enabled more comprehensive evaluation this year, contributing to their strong representation.

The remaining wines illustrate the global reach of modern fine wine quality. American Pinot Noir features prominently, with standout bottles from Raen and Arterberry Maresh. Meanwhile, two of the most surprising inclusions – Burgaud’s Morgon Côte du Py and Terra Sancta’s Bannockburn Pinot Noir – are also among the most affordable on the list, reinforcing Suckling’s point about the exceptional value emerging from Beaujolais and regions such as Central Otago. His report proposes that once-overlooked regions are now producing wines of extraordinary finesse and consistency.

Across all three critic rankings, a consistent narrative emerges: fine wine quality is more global, diverse and dynamic than ever before. At the same time, the spotlight on Bordeaux 2022 signals a vintage with both critical momentum and long-term relevance, firmly positioning it as one of the defining investment stories of the year.

Not every critically acclaimed wine is an investment wine, but the themes that surface – regional momentum, stylistic shifts, the performance of key vintages, and the critics’ influence on market behaviour – will all shape the fine wine landscape as we move into 2026.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today

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Bordeaux: Is the downturn finally ending?

  • Bordeaux prices have hit support levels across top wines and prime vintages.
  • First Growths lead the way in market stabilisation. 
  • The market’s most reliable signals of recovery – improved liquidity, narrowing spreads, and renewed price consistency – are beginning to appear in Bordeaux.

In July, WineCap reported that Champagne prices appeared to be stabilising. Our research into the ten most-searched prestige cuvées on Wine-Searcher found that 47 out of 50 wines had maintained price stability for at least three months – and 40 for six months or more. Since then, the Liv-ex Champagne 50 index has risen 1.6% on average.

Fast forward a few months, and signs of stabilisation have begun to emerge across the broader fine wine market. The Liv-ex 100 index, which represents the most sought-after fine wines globally, rose 2% over September and October. Gains were supported by sterling weakness, renewed buyer demand, and an improving bid:offer ratio, all suggesting that confidence is returning to the market.

Bordeaux, still the largest and most liquid segment of the fine wine world, also reflects this shift. Our latest research reveals that a growing share of Bordeaux’s top wines – from First Growths to leading Second Growths – have found support levels after a prolonged correction, suggesting the market may be nearing its floor.

Our methodology

To identify whether Bordeaux prices are indeed hitting support levels, WineCap analysed two baskets of wines across fifteen physical vintages:

  • First Growths + Cheval Blanc: Lafite Rothschild, Mouton Rothschild, Château Margaux, Haut-Brion, and Cheval Blanc – 75 wines across 15 vintages.
  • Top Second Growths: Pontet-Canet, Lynch-Bages, Palmer, Montrose, Cos d’Estournel, and Léoville Las Cases – 90 wines across the same period.

Because of Château Latour’s unique release schedule and limited market volume since the 2011 vintage, it was excluded from the analysis. To ensure coverage of all recent prime vintages, we expanded our dataset to include the 2005 vintage alongside the 2008–2021 range.

Price stability was defined as a period of at least three months without meaningful movement – a signal that buying and selling pressure have reached equilibrium. This approach captures early indicators of market turning points, where sellers have adjusted expectations and buyers begin to re-engage.

First Growths: Signs of strength

Among the first group of wines, covering four of the First Growths and Cheval Blanc, 47 out of 75 wines (just over 60%) have kept their value firm. Lafite Rothschild is the standout performer, with 12 of its 15 vintages maintaining stable prices.

When isolating the prime vintages – 2005, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020 – the pattern becomes even clearer. Across these, 29 of 35 wines (83%) are price stable, including every single Lafite vintage in the set. Mouton Rothschild and Château Margaux, meanwhile, have maintained stability in five out of seven vintages (just over 70%).

The data further highlight the gap between prime and off-vintages. Among the less-heralded years of 2011–2014, only four out of twenty wines are stable, suggesting continued downward pressure where trading volume is lower. This divergence reinforces a key principle: in periods of market weakness, liquidity and confidence concentrate around the most established players.

Bordeaux fine wine prices table

Second Growths: Following the leaders

Second Growths often act as the market’s echo chamber. They don’t move first, but when they start to stabilise, it confirms that sentiment is improving and buyers are returning.

Among Bordeaux’s 90 elite Second Growths, 49 (55%) are now price stable. When focusing on prime vintages, that figure rises to 26 out of 42 (62%).

This suggests that the stabilisation process has been underway for several months, gradually filtering from First Growths down to the wider market. Historically, such a pattern has preceded broader upturns, as investors and collectors begin to seek relative value further down the classification ladder.

Château Palmer and Cos d’Estournel have led this segment, with 11 and 10 of 15 vintages respectively showing resilience. Both have five out of seven stable prime vintages, alongside Château Pontet-Canet. Lynch-Bages and Léoville Las Cases, meanwhile, have seen stability emerge more recently and across a narrower base of vintages.

Broader market context

The timing of this Bordeaux stabilisation coincides with modest gains across major Liv-ex indices, including the Bordeaux Legends 50 and Fine Wine 1000, both of which posted small rises in recent months.

Beyond wine-specific factors, macroeconomic influences have also played a role. Sterling weakness since late summer has improved overseas buying power, while rising global demand (reflected in a higher bid:offer ratio on Liv-ex) signals growing confidence.

In short, the market’s most reliable signals of recovery – improved liquidity, narrowing spreads, and renewed price consistency – are beginning to appear in key regions.

Taken together, the evidence suggests that prime-vintage Bordeaux First Growths have reached stability, while top Second Growths are close behind. In standout years such as 2005, 2010, 2016, and 2019, all tracked wines are now price stable, indicating strong market support.

Weaker vintages remain under pressure, but history shows that stabilisation at the top of the market often precedes wider recovery. With the Liv-ex 100 up 2%, the bid:offer ratio climbing, and sentiment improving, the fine wine market appears to be entering a new phase of balance. Indeed, these conditions may represent the most compelling entry point into Bordeaux since 2020.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Wine auctions vs wine investing – which offers the best growth strategy?

  • Both auctions and portfolio approaches have a role to play in wine investment, but the latter is a more viable route to steady growth.
  • Auctions can provide useful signals, but investors should identify and avoid market noise and hype.
  • An expertly-managed portfolio focuses on growth, diversification, and liquidity over chasing auction trophy wines.

The wine world frequently makes headlines for astronomical prices at attention-catching auctions. Bottles can fetch sky-high sums as multimillion-dollar collections capture international interest. For investors, such record-breaking spectacles can appear to be proof of fine wine’s irresistible upwards trajectory.

However, glamorous and inspiring as they are, these auctions are not the market. They are the sharpest tip of it – distinct moments where scarcity, storytelling, and sentiment come together. A pristine bottle of Domaine de la Romanée-Conti or Château Pétrus with impeccable provenance might clear 20–50% above its estimate in a single-owner sale. While impressive, such outliers don’t speak of underlying market performance.

Understanding the difference between prices that make the news and the reality of the market is essential for any serious wine investor.

What ‘auction price’ really is

An auction price is more than meets the eye; it’s a composite shaped by multiple components. What does that sales figure really mean? 

Hammer vs all-in costs

The hammer price is the winning bid declared by the auctioneer – but that’s not the final price. The buyer then pays a buyer’s premium (10%–25%), plus taxes, shipping, and insurance. A bottle that hits the headlines at £100,000 could ultimately cost the buyer £120,000.

Single-owner vs mixed-owner sales

Provenance is all-important. Bottles from single-owner collections, especially with engaging stories and original documentation, often command premiums far above market average. In contrast, mixed-owner sales tend to be a more accurate mirror of demand.

Estimate bands and marketing psychology

Auction houses set low and high estimates to guide bidding – and to generate excitement. These figures act equally as marketing tools and predictive indicators. Only a lot that exceeds the high parameter of its estimate band hits the news; one that sells within its estimated range represents the quieter reality.

True liquidity

A record price for a single bottle does not automatically translate into similar highs for other lots. Headline-making hammer prices are outliers, influenced by rarity, media coverage, and competitive auction frenzy rather than a broader trend in the market. 

Wine auction record setters

The following are examples of headline-making auctions which illustrate the factors that drive remarkable performance: wine rarity, media frenzy, storytelling, and collector pedigree.

$34.5 mln – Henri Jayer, “The Heritage” (2018, Geneva)

  • Legendary producer’s last 855 bottles from private cellar.
  • 209 coveted magnums.
  • Rare Vosne-Romanée vintages.

$28.8 mln – William I. Koch, “The Great American Wine Collector” (2025, New York)

  • 750 large formats (Jeroboams, Methuselahs, Salmanazars).
  • Leading Bordeaux, Burgundy, Rhône, Napa, and Piedmont wines.
  • Single-owner collection.

$25.3 mln – Joseph Lau, “Iconic Wines” I–III (2022–2025, Hong Kong)

  • Rare Burgundy and Bordeaux.
  • Single-owner collection auctioned over three years created story.

$16.8 mln – Pierre Chen, “The Epicurean’s Atlas” (2023–2025, Hong Kong, Paris, Burgundy, New York)

  • Iconic Burgundy, Bordeaux, Champagne, and New World wines.
  • Legendary vintages.

$11.16 mln – Jacqueline Piatigorsky (2025, New York)

These auctions were hugely successful, but outcomes weren’t solely due to wine calibre. The unique auction environment also played a role. Such heady sums are not necessarily representative of wider market pricing.

What auctions can tell investors

While not presenting a definitive picture, auctions do generate a treasure trove of information. However, it’s important to follow results with a discerning eye because not all of the information is useful for a wine investor. You need to learn how to separate signal from media noise to understand the true meaning of auction prices.

Useful signals for investors

  • Provenance premiums: Illustrates how much collectors are willing to pay for documented bottles over generic lots. Formats, condition, and original packaging often contribute to worthwhile premiums.
  • Bidding depth: The number of bidders within the estimate band indicates genuine demand. Likewise, consistent competition across lots can point to authentic appetite that exists beyond the auction house.
  • Regional and vintage momentum: Repeated strong results across particular regions or vintages can signal emerging segments rather than one-off auction-driven prices.
  • Thin trading: The highest-profile bottles typically sell only once a decade. Such rare transactions can provide valuable insights into the wider market.

Limits and noise

  • Selection bias: “Survivorship bias” can distort average values. For a range of reasons, some wines survive the test of time while others don’t. Not every mature wine deserves high valuation.
  • Seasonality and venue effects: Marquee sales held in the spring and summer tend to attract more bidders and media coverage, inflating prices temporarily. The location of the auction can also impact results.
  • Story premium: Worth repeating is the character of the narrative surrounding an auction can elevate prices far beyond what would be achievable in normal market conditions. Celebrity collections, charity sales, and unique stories fall into this category.

Buying at auction

Auctions offer both opportunity and challenge for collectors and investors. Understanding their structure sets realistic expectations before bidding.

Pros

Cons

Building a wine investment portfolio with a trusted manager

While auctions can offer wine performance insights, a structured, portfolio-driven approach is most optimal for serious investors. This method focuses on growth, diversification, and liquidity planning in response to the genuine market, rather than chasing one-off, high-performer auction house bottles. In short, headline bottles make news; diversified cases make portfolios.

Strategy-led

Discipline drives serious wine investment. A considered portfolio allocates across regions, producers, and vintages. Tiered maturity and style diversification help smooth returns and reduce volatility.

Execution

Acquiring wine at scale requires access to multiple channels: primary releases, négociant networks, ex-château allocations, and selective secondary market opportunities. Professional execution ensures consistent quality, provenance verification, and optimal pricing.

Expert oversight

A trusted manager maximises successful outcomes by safeguarding custody, insurance, and exit strategies, targeting holding periods and rebalancing, to shield investments from market swings.

Research & data

Continuous market monitoring is critical to disciplined investment. This data-driven strategy identifies trends and fair-value bands, so investors can avoid the pitfall of overpaying for hype and market noise.

Cost clarity

Unlike auctions, wine investment portfolio costs – custody, insurance, execution – are transparent upfront, allowing granular knowledge of charges for clear return comparisons.

fine wine auction summary table

Next steps

The fine wine world will always carry glamour, but serious investors should see auction headlines as stories, not signals. The real market for fine wine investment and value growth is built on data, liquidity, and expert execution rather than the excitement of ‘show-stopping’ headlines.

Key takeaways:

  • Don’t fixate on record breakers – they rarely mirror market performance.
  • Focus on repeatability and liquidity for sustainable returns.
  • Calculate all-in costs for true value comparison.
  • Diversify and plan exits through portfolio management for resilience.

Fine wine investment is guided by expertise, patience, data, and structure, separating steady compounding from the volatile environment of speculation.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Pockets of growth: Where the fine wine market is starting to turn

  • Market confidence is returning, with fine wine prices posting their first quarterly gain since the downturn began.
  • Selective regions are leading the rebound, with Champagne, Tuscany, and California showing the strongest signs of growth.
  • Stabilisation signals a turning point, as price declines slow and demand strengthens.

After two years of subdued performance, the fine wine market may finally be entering a new phase. Signs of stabilisation are emerging across key benchmarks, and selective pockets of growth suggest that investor confidence is beginning to return. While the broader market remains uneven, improving bid activity, regional resilience, and a shift in sentiment all point to a turning point — one that could lay the foundation for the next cycle of fine wine appreciation.

Confidence returns: Benchmark momentum

One of the clearest signals of renewed optimism comes from the bid:offer ratio — a measure of market confidence based on the proportion of active bids to offers on the secondary market. This ratio has been steadily rising, reflecting stronger buying interest and a more balanced trading environment. The shift is also visible in performance indices: the Liv-ex 100, which tracks the world’s most sought-after investment-grade wines, rose by 1.1% in September, offsetting earlier summer losses and delivering its first quarterly gain since the downturn began.

This rebound was mirrored across broader indicators. The Liv-ex 1000, which captures a wider cross-section of the market, slipped 0.5% over the quarter but also gained 0.4% in September — a sign that the market’s base may be firming. Even the First Growths Index, a bellwether for Bordeaux’s top estates, recorded a 0.7% gain in September. Though it remained slightly down for the quarter, the performance underscores a market that is recalibrating.

Where growth is emerging: key regional categories

The nascent recovery is not evenly distributed. Instead, certain regions and categories are emerging as clear leaders — offering clues about where value-seeking investors are positioning their capital.

Champagne: Resilience meets renewed demand

Champagne has once again proved its resilience. The region held near-flat over Q3 and remains one of the strongest performers of 2025, buoyed by rising demand from Asia and the US. This sustained appetite reflects Champagne’s unique position in the market: a luxury category with strong brand recognition, limited supply, and consistent global demand. For investors seeking stability and long-term performance, Champagne continues to justify its reputation as a defensive yet rewarding allocation.

Italy: Tuscany outpaces Piedmont

Italian fine wine remains a story of two regions. Tuscany has seen the most notable improvement, with the Italy 100 index climbing as buyers return to iconic Super Tuscans and Brunello producers. Piedmont, by contrast, still faces a softer bid environment, suggesting that investors are prioritising wines with immediate liquidity and strong global followings. The divergence illustrates a broader theme in today’s market: capital is flowing toward estates with established demand and clear brand equity.

California: Opus One leads a rebound

California has also been a bright spot. Opus One — one of the region’s most recognisable labels — has seen its strongest bid activity since January 2024. Over recent weeks, Liv-ex reported a surge in demand, with the US accounting for 40% of bid volume, closely followed by Asia at 39%. The UK and EU trail at 14% and 7% respectively, but this transatlantic interest highlights growing enthusiasm for top-tier Californian wines. As collectors seek quality and scarcity beyond Europe, California’s flagship estates are once again capturing attention.

Sector performance: Signs of a bottom forming

While some areas continue to lag, the broader data suggests that the worst of the correction may be behind us. Regional indices delivered a mixed performance in Q3, but declines moderated significantly, and September brought widespread gains.

Bordeaux remains the weakest performer in aggregate — the Bordeaux 500 fell 1.7% — but even here, signs of improvement are visible. Half of the region’s sub-indices gained in September, including those tracking First Growths, Second Wines, and leading Right Bank labels. Burgundy, too, was only marginally lower (-0.2%), with top domaines maintaining impressive resilience despite broader headwinds.

Regional fine wine performance 2025

Together, these indicators suggest a market that may be finding its floor. Price declines have slowed, buyers are becoming more active, and selective demand is driving performance in certain regions and producers. This kind of stabilisation typically precedes a period of gradual re-pricing — and potentially, recovery.

The next phase: Selectivity, scarcity, and strategy

The third quarter of 2025 was a transitional one for fine wine. With mainstream assets recovering and investor sentiment stabilising, the asset class is beginning to reassert itself as a reliable store of value and a portfolio diversifier. The coming quarters are likely to be defined by three key drivers:

  • Scarcity: Limited-production wines from renowned estates continue to attract demand, particularly as global supply chains tighten and yields remain historically low.
  • Selectivity: Investors are becoming more discerning, focusing on regions and producers with strong fundamentals rather than chasing broader market exposure.
  • Reputation: Brand equity and consistent critical acclaim remain decisive factors, with top names enjoying disproportionate interest as confidence returns.

While the pace of recovery will vary by region and price tier, the data points to a market that is stabilising and, in some segments, already turning higher. For investors with a medium- to long-term horizon, the current environment offers attractive entry points into historically strong-performing categories.

Looking for more? Read our latest quarterly report: Q3 Fine Wine Report

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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How long should you hold your wine investment?

  • Fine wine investment differs significantly from traditional markets because supply diminishes with time.
  • Holding periods determine whether an investor benefits from liquidity windows, maturity or scarcity premiums.
  • Investors should not expect uniform results across all wines or timeframes.

When it comes to fine wine investment, most discussions focus on the what: which wines, which vintages, which regions. Equally critical, but less often addressed, is the when: how long you hold your investment.

Holding periods can dramatically shape your returns, mitigate risks, and define your overall strategy. Unlike equities or bonds, fine wine is both a physical asset and a cultural commodity, with unique cycles of demand and consumption. Understanding how time interacts with these cycles is essential for building a resilient portfolio.

Why holding periods matter in wine investment

Fine wine investment differs from traditional markets in one key respect: supply diminishes over time. Bottles are uncorked and consumed, which means that scarcity increases naturally as years pass. At the same time, the wines themselves evolve in bottle, often improving in complexity and desirability. This dual dynamic of shrinking availability and increasing quality drives long-term price appreciation.

However, investors cannot expect uniform results across all wines or timeframes. Some wines appreciate rapidly within a few years, while others demand decades of patience. Holding periods determine whether an investor benefits from:

  • Liquidity windows – when supply and demand align to create strong secondary market interest.
  • Maturity premiums – when wines are at or approaching their drinking peak.
  • Scarcity premiums – when older vintages are nearly impossible to source.

Short-term wine investment holds (1–3 years): Potential high gains?

Short-term holding in fine wine is less common but not without opportunity. Investors might target wines with clear catalysts for appreciation in the near future:

  • Critical acclaim: A 100-point score from leading critics such as Robert Parker, Neal Martin, or Antonio Galloni can trigger immediate demand.
  • Market cycles and estate events: Certain vintages or regions may benefit from renewed attention during En Primeur campaigns or La Place de Bordeaux releases. Similarly, external factors such as a change of ownership, the passing of a renowned winemaker, or a significant new investment in the estate can act as a catalyst. These events often lead to brand repositioning and higher release prices for new vintages, which in turn push up the value of older vintages as buyers seek relative value.
  • Macro-drivers: Currency fluctuations, tariff shifts or geopolitical events can create short-term arbitrage opportunities.

That said, short-term holds may carry higher volatility. Transaction costs – storage, insurance, brokerage fees – also eat more heavily into returns when compounded over only a few years. As a result, short-term trading tends to suit sophisticated investors with high market awareness rather than long-term collectors.

Medium-term wine investment holds (5–10 years): The sweet spot?

The medium-term horizon is often considered the sweet spot for many wine investors. This is when:

  • Wines mature: Many Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne houses see optimal secondary market demand when their wines are 5–10 years post-vintage. At this stage, they have begun to show character but remain relatively youthful, making them appealing to both collectors and drinkers.
  • Supply drops: The first wave of consumption removes weaker hands from the market, while professional storage ensures the surviving bottles command a premium.
  • Liquidity is strong: Buyers – both private and institutional – seek wines that are ready-to-drink but still have substantial cellaring potential.

This period allows investors to capture meaningful appreciation without committing to decades of illiquidity. For many, the medium-term strategy provides a balance of growth potential and portfolio flexibility.

Long-term wine investment holds (10–20+ years): Scarcity and compounding value?

For truly iconic wines, long-term holding unlocks the greatest rewards. Scarcity compounds dramatically after 15–20 years, and mature bottles often become the centrepiece of collectors’ cellars. Wines that especially benefit from this approach include:

  • First Growth Bordeaux: Château Lafite, Latour, and Margaux often reach their full secondary market potential decades after release.
  • Grand Cru Burgundy: Producers like Domaine de la Romanée-Conti or Armand Rousseau are prized for aged expressions, which are scarce even at release.
  • Prestige Champagne: Top cuvées such as Krug or Salon are often held back by maisons themselves, releasing older vintages at a premium.

The trade-off is clear: long-term holding requires patience, optimal storage, and careful insurance. Illiquidity can become an issue if capital is needed suddenly. However, for investors with a multi-decade outlook, these holds can deliver extraordinary compounding returns – often well outperforming traditional assets.

Factors that impact value over time

Not all wines follow the same trajectory. Determining how long to hold depends on a mix of factors:

  1. Region and style
    • Bordeaux and Napa Cabernet: typically longer arcs, rewarding 10–20+ years.
    • Burgundy Pinot Noir: often peaks earlier (7–15 years), though the best can go much longer.
    • Champagne: prestige cuvées benefit from extended ageing, while non-vintage wines are less suited to investment.
  2. Producer reputation
    Iconic names command steady demand across all stages, while lesser-known producers may see sharper peaks tied to critical acclaim.
  3. Vintage quality
    Strong vintages (e.g., Bordeaux 2000, Champagne 2008) often sustain demand longer, while weaker vintages may peak quickly.
  4. Critic scores and re-releases
    A re-rating or late-release program can extend or shift the ideal holding window.
  5. Market conditions
    Global economic health, currency exchange rates, and tariffs can all affect when it’s most profitable to sell.

Risks of mistimed holding

Holding periods are not without risk. Selling too early can mean missing out on peak premiums. Selling too late risks encountering diminishing returns as wines pass their drinking window. Additionally, improper storage can compromise value, no matter the holding period. There are also liquidity risks: Even top wines may face temporary illiquidity in weak markets.
This is why professional portfolio management and exit planning are critical in fine wine investment.

Practical guidance for wine investors

  1. Diversify holding periods: Mix short, medium, and long-term positions across your portfolio. This smooths out returns and provides liquidity when needed.
  2. Match horizon to goals: If you expect to need capital in five years, avoid exclusively long-term wines.
  3. Work with data: Tools like Wine Track can help identify optimal exit windows by tracking price curves and critic sentiment.
  4. Reassess regularly: Market conditions evolve. A wine planned for long-term holding may benefit from earlier exit if demand spikes unexpectedly.

In fine wine investment, holding periods are the mechanism by which wine transforms from a consumable product into an appreciating asset. Short-term traders may profit from timing and market-driven gains, medium-term investors enjoy liquidity and strong demand, and long-term holders benefit from scarcity-driven premiums.

The best approach often combines all three, balancing risk and opportunity across different time horizons. With the right strategy, time becomes your most powerful ally – quietly compounding value as the bottles rest in the cellar.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Top-performing fine wines of 2025 so far

  • Several fine wine regions made gains over the last month, including Burgundy, California, and the Rhône.
  • ‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux wines have delivered the best returns so far in 2025. 
  • The spread between the top-performing fine wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline (around -4.7%) highlights why selection is key.

The fine wine market remains subdued in 2025, continuing the recalibration that began in late 2022. Yet even in a broadly negative environment, certain wines have surged ahead (see H1 winners), delivering double-digit gains and reaffirming that in fine wine investment, selectivity defines success.

Signs of stability emerge across key fine wine regions

After more than two years of correction, there are tentative signs of stabilisation. Several regional indices posted positive month-on-month (MoM) movements in September, hinting that momentum could be shifting beneath the surface.

The Liv-ex Burgundy 150, California 50, Rhône 100 and Rest of the World 60 indices each rose 0.6–0.7% month-on-month. These modest upticks may not yet signal a broad recovery, but they do suggest that the worst of the selling pressure may be easing.

Still, the year-to-date picture remains negative across the board:

Wine region performance

Even as indices remain in the red, the range of outcomes within them has widened, revealing a growing divergence between outperformers and laggards. A select few wines have posted strong gains – a reminder that even in downturns, opportunities persist.

The top-performing wines so far this year

Best performing wines 2025 table

‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux leads the way

Despite the Bordeaux 500 Index falling 7.2% year-to-date, four of the ten best-performing wines come from the region, proving that careful vintage and producer selection remain key.

Château Les Carmes Haut-Brion 2013 stands out as the year’s star, up 38.2%. The 2013 vintage, long dismissed due to challenging weather conditions, has found new appreciation as enthusiasts and investors rediscover its finesse.

Over the past decade, prices for the brand have risen 148%. The 2014 and 2017 vintages are other attractive ‘off’ vintage alternatives. 

Les Carmes Haut-Brion fine wine performance

Château Beychevelle 2013 follows a similar line. Once overlooked, its reputation in Asian markets and steady critic support have lifted prices 22.2% year-to-date. Likewise, Château Canon 2014 and Château Smith Haut Lafitte 2014 each gained over 13%, highlighting a broader off-vintage resurgence in the region.

These gains suggest that Bordeaux’s correction phase may be creating attractive entry points for investors willing to look beyond the obvious trophy years.

The Rhône: The value region continues to deliver

The Rhône 100 remains the best-performing regional index of 2025, down just 2.7% year-to-date, with a recent 0.6% month-on-month gain adding to its reputation as a steady performer.

The standout is Vieux Télégraphe La Crau Rouge, appearing twice in the top five for its 2020 (26.1%) and 2021 (18.3%) vintages. The wine’s longevity, critical consistency, and relative affordability have made it a favourite among both collectors and long-term investors.

Vieux Telegraph wine performance vs Liv-Ex

Meanwhile, Paul Jaboulet Aîné’s Hermitage La Chapelle 2014 climbed 15.3%, underscoring the growing investor appetite for Rhône’s great single-vineyard wines. With smaller yields and limited back-vintage supply, demand has begun to outpace availability – a sign that the Rhône’s ‘quiet outperformance’ may continue into 2026.

Burgundy and Sauternes: Scarcity reigns supreme

Though the Burgundy 150 Index remains 5.8% down so far this year, its top producers continue to enjoy demand driven by scarcity.

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC) Grands Échezeaux Grand Cru 2021 rose 13.3%, proving once again that rarity trumps sentiment. Over the last decade, prices for the wine have risen on average 300%. 

Sauternes has also enjoyed a quiet renaissance so far this year, with Château Suduiraut 2016 making it into the top ten, with a 13% rise in value.  With prices still well below their historical highs, the sweet wines segment could offer contrarian upside heading into 2026.

California: Cult wines stay strong

Although the California 50 index is down 5.6% year-to-date, the 0.7% rise last month hints at price recovery. This year, despite softer global sentiment, high-end Napa continues to attract attention domestically and abroad (from Asia in particular). 

The region’s top label, Screaming Eagle Cabernet Sauvignon 2012, has advanced 12.4% year-to-date.  

As previously noted, Screaming Eagle remains the top traded US wine by value. With six perfect 100-point scores in just 13 vintages, it sits in a league of its own among American wines. Prices for the brand have risen more than 200% in the last 20 years, making it one of the most lucrative long-term holds in the fine wine market.

Divergence defines 2025

The spread between the top-performing wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline (around -4.7%) reveals just how uneven performance has become.

Wines that combine scarcity, maturity, and reputation have emerged as the safest harbours, while those driven by hype or youth have seen steeper declines. Investors who focused on undervalued vintages (2013, 2014), critically reliable producers and globally recognised names (DRC, Screaming Eagle) have fared significantly better than the market at large.

Looking ahead: A market finding its floor

With multiple indices turning slightly positive month-on-month, the fine wine market may be approaching an inflexion point. The next phase of the cycle could favour those already positioned in high-quality, limited-production wines that have held steady during the downturn.

As 2025 enters its final stretch, it has become even clearer that scarcity, selectivity, and substance continue to outperform broader market sentiment.

For more on the fine wine market, read our Q3 2025 Fine Wine Report

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Q3 2025 Fine Wine Report

In our Q3 summary of the fine wine market we look at how the global economic landscape is shaping investment strategies, the road to recovery in fine wine, and the best-performing regions and wines so far this year. Read on for more on Lafleur’s recent classification withdrawal, the autumn La Place de Bordeaux campaign, and other industry-defining trends.

Executive summary

  • Market backdrop strengthens: Global equities advanced in Q3 amid optimism for gradual rate cuts and corporate earnings. Improving sentiment and policy clarity provided a firmer foundation for alternative assets, including fine wine.
  • Fine wine stabilises: After two years of correction, the fine wine market showed early signs of recovery. The Liv-ex 100 posted its first quarterly gain since the downturn began.
  • Regional divergence narrows: Champagne, Rhône, and Italy led the quarter, while Bordeaux and Burgundy also showed improvements; evidence of a maturing market phase approaching equilibrium.
  • Selectivity drives returns: The best performing wines came from overlooked vintages, particularly Bordeaux 2013/2014, alongside Rhône’s consistent value names and global icons such as DRC and Screaming Eagle.
  • La Place campaign underwhelms: The autumn La Place de Bordeaux campaign failed to shift market momentum. Demand remained subdued as release prices offered limited value versus back vintages in most cases.
  • News – Lafleur withdraws from Pomerol AOC: In a significant development, Château Lafleur announced its withdrawal from the Pomerol AOC, citing the need for greater viticultural flexibility in response to climate change. We explore how this might affect its market performance.

The trends that shaped the fine wine market

Market optimism sets the stage for fine wine stability

Global markets rallied through Q3 2025, driven by renewed optimism over growth and the prospect of gradual rate cuts, even as inflation proved sticky. US equities extended record highs, powered by strong earnings and ongoing enthusiasm for AI-related sectors, while Europe delivered mixed results amid weak German data but resilience in France and the UK. Gold surged as investors sought safety from lingering geopolitical tensions and trade uncertainties linked to US tariff policy. Bond markets posted modest gains as central banks maintained a cautious stance. Overall, investor sentiment steadied following a turbulent first half, with risk appetite supported by policy optimism and improving economic data, creating a firmer backdrop for alternative assets, such as fine wine, heading into Q4.

Fine wine market starts to turn

Signs of stability continued to build across the fine wine market in Q3, reinforcing the gradual improvement noted in our Q2 Fine Wine Report. After two years of consistent decline, several regional indices turned positive over the quarter. Five of the Liv-ex regional indices rose in August and September, and for the first time in three years, the Liv-ex 50, which tracks the prices of the Bordeaux First Growths, experienced monthly growth.

Broader market measures also improved. The Liv-ex 100 rose 1.1% in September, and the bid:offer ratio – a key gauge of demand relative to supply – reached 0.70, its highest level since April 2023. This sustained rise suggests buyers are gradually re-entering the market, drawn by attractive pricing and renewed confidence following a prolonged correction. While it is too early to call a full recovery, these movements point to a maturing phase of the downturn where value-seeking activity replaces reactive selling. 

La Place autumn campaign fails to shift momentum

A key event of the third quarter every year is the La Place de Bordeaux autumn campaign, which saw the release of over 130 wines from around the globe in September. However, in 2025, the campaign did little to shift momentum. New releases that did not offer value in the context of back vintages available in the market largely fell short, and demand was tepid even for the traditionally most sought-after labels like Opus One, Masseto, Ornellaia, Solaia and Penfolds. Tariff uncertainty, oversupply and general market cautiousness were a structural drag. Unless prices and allocation discipline improve, the campaign is likely to continue to alienate buyers.

Mainstream markets lead Q3; fine wine re-emerges

Global equities posted solid gains in Q3, buoyed by growing optimism around prospective interest-rate cuts and resilient corporate earnings. While mainstream markets outpaced most alternatives, select segments of the alternative asset universe – particularly private credit and real assets – showed signs of resilience. Fine wine also staged a modest recovery.

The Liv-ex 100 Index, which tracks the performance of the most sought-after investment-grade wines, recorded its first quarterly gain since the market downturn began, rising 0.4% over the quarter. Losses in July and August were offset by a 1.1% rebound in September, signalling renewed confidence. The broader Liv-ex 1000 Index slipped 0.5% over Q3, though it, too, recovered 0.4% in September, suggesting stabilisation across a wider basket of fine wines.

Meanwhile, the First Growths Index – a barometer for Bordeaux’s top estates – rose 0.7% in September but remained 0.7% lower for the quarter overall, reflecting the uneven pace of recovery across regions and price tiers. Nonetheless, after several quarters of decline, Q3 marked a turning point where fine wine once again began to move in step with the broader risk-on sentiment seen in global markets.

Fine wine vs mainstream markets

Regional fine wine performance in Q3

Regional fine wine indices displayed a mixed picture in Q3, but the pace of decline eased, and several categories began to rise. The Liv-ex 1000 ended the quarter 0.6% lower, yet September brought a broad uptick across most regions – an encouraging sign after months of subdued activity.

Champagne held its ground best, maintaining near-flat performance over the quarter and retaining its position as one of the most resilient categories in 2025. The region benefited from increased demand from Asia and the US. The Rhone 100 also improved modestly, ending Q3 just above its Q2 level as buyers continued to favour regions offering relative value.

Italy (0.4%) and the Rest of the World 60 (0.3%) both saw small gains in Q3, hinting at early signs of renewed confidence beyond the traditional strongholds of Bordeaux and Burgundy, which fell in Q3.

Regional fine wine performance 2025

The Bordeaux 500 declined 1.7%, while the Bordeaux Legends 40 dipped just 0.6%, as mature Bordeaux continued to attract active buyers. However, of the six Bordeaux sub-indices, three went up in September – those measuring the performance of the First Growths, their Second Wines, and the top 100 wines from the Right Bank. Burgundy prices softened slightly, down 0.2%, but its top wines remained among the most robust performers since the 2022 peak.

The combination of improving sentiment, selective buying, and greater market stability suggests that regional fine wine prices may be nearing their floor, setting the stage for a more balanced close to 2025.

The best performing wines so far in 2025

Even in a broadly subdued market, 2025 has shown that fine wine remains a story of selectivity and scarcity. A handful of standout wines have delivered strong double-digit returns, proving that, even during correction phases, the right names and vintages can outperform significantly.

The spread between the top-performing fine wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline year-to-date (around -4.7%) highlights exactly why selection is paramount.

Best performing wines 2025 table

Three key themes stand out among the top-performing wines in 2025 year-to-date:

  • ‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux is back in vogue

Wines from cooler or once-overlooked vintages – such as Bordeaux 2013 and 2014 – have led the pack. Collectors appear increasingly willing to reward finesse, drinkability, and scarcity over hype, with Château Les Carmes Haut-Brion (+38.2%) and Château Beychevelle (+22.2%) exemplifying this trend.

 

  • The Rhône’s value overdelivers

Rhône wines continued to prove their value credentials. Vieux Télégraphe’s 2020 and 2021 vintages and Jaboulet’s La Chapelle 2014 all posted impressive gains, driven by limited production, consistent critical endorsement, and comparatively attractive pricing.

 

  • Scarcity runs the market

At the very top end, scarcity remains the strongest currency. Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, and Screaming Eagle demonstrated that rare, blue-chip wines continue to attract capital regardless of broader sentiment.

 

Investors focusing on authenticity, producer pedigree, and under-appreciated vintages have outperformed the broader market, suggesting that quality and insight remain the keys to long-term success.

Q3 releases: Spotlight on Taittinger Comtes de Champagne 2014

Champagne has proven one of the most resilient categories in 2025, with the Champagne 50 Index outperforming most regional peers in Q3 (up 0.3%). The region is also enjoying renewed global demand as buyers take advantage of the attractive price levels post its 2022 peak. Within this steadying landscape, Champagne house Taittinger released the 2014 vintage of its Comtes de Champagne.

Awarded 97 points by both Yohan Castaing (The Wine Advocate) and Antonio Galloni (Vinous), it ranks among the highest-rated Comtes vintages ever – and Galloni notably compared it to the legendary 2008, which trades at a nearly 40% premium.

The 2014 release also carries historical significance. As the last truly cool-climate vintage in Champagne, it represents a stylistic milestone unlikely to be replicated amid the region’s ongoing warming trend – a factor that enhances its long-term collectability.

From an investment perspective, Comtes has been a quiet outperformer. The Taittinger Comtes de Champagne index has risen steadily over the past decade, outpacing both Dom Pérignon and Louis Roederer Cristal during the bull market of 2020–2023, and showing notable price stability throughout 2025.

‘Taittinger consistently stands out as one of the best values among top-tier Champagnes, frequently outperforming many other Grand Marques tête-de-cuvée offerings.’
– Yohan Castaing, The Wine Advocate

Taittinger Champagne index

Market snapshot

  • 2014 Release price: £1,190 per 12×75
  • Critic scores: 97 points (Vinous, The Wine Advocate)
  • Ranking: 62nd in the 2024 Liv-ex Power 100 (up nine places year-on-year)

With exceptional critic consensus, proven secondary market demand, and a price point that remains competitive, the 2014 Taittinger Comtes de Champagne exemplifies why the region continues to attract buyers, whether for enjoyment or investment. 

Q3 Fine wine news: Lafleur withdraws from Pomerol AOC

In August, Château Lafleur confirmed that from the 2025 vintage onward, its wines will no longer carry the Pomerol AOC designation, instead being labeled Vin de France. The decision extends across the Guinaudeau family’s portfolio, including Les Pensées, Les Perrières, and Grand Village.

The estate cited the need for greater viticultural flexibility in the face of accelerating climate change. In correspondence with trade partners, the Guinaudeau family wrote: ‘Climate is changing fast and hard… We must think, readapt, act.’ 

The withdrawal allows Lafleur to implement adaptive farming methods not currently authorised under the appellation’s 1936 regulations, such as controlled irrigation, soil covering to reduce evaporation, canopy shading, and adjusted planting density. 

Lafleur’s independence enables it to act without the procedural delays that constrain larger or corporate-owned estates. The move is consistent with its reputation for long-term thinking and precision farming, aligning vineyard practice more closely with environmental reality.

Market context

Historically, classification changes in Bordeaux have affected perception and pricing. The 2012 promotions of Pavie and Angélus within Saint-Émilion’s hierarchy, for instance, coincided with rapid market repricing, even though the wines themselves did not change. Lafleur’s withdrawal represents the opposite: the relinquishment of an appellation name rather than an elevation within it.

Pavie vs angelus wine performance

In the short term, pricing impact is likely to be neutral, as Lafleur’s identity and market position are defined by brand equity rather than by appellation. The château’s production is limited, its critical reputation exceptional, and its collector base highly stable. Over time, however, label differentiation could influence liquidity and buyer psychology, particularly between the final ‘Pomerol’ labelled vintages and the inaugural ‘Vin de France’ release, both of which may acquire added significance in secondary trading.

Performance and relative strength

Over the past decade, Lafleur’s secondary market performance has outpaced that of both the First Growths and its Right Bank peers, Pavie and Angélus. Despite the broader Bordeaux market correction since 2022, Lafleur has retained a significant premium, perhaps reflecting scarcity and confidence in the Guinaudeau family’s brand.

Lafleur fine wine performance

Should the transition to ‘Vin de France’ labelling prove commercially seamless, the move could even enhance Lafleur’s individuality, reinforcing its cult status as a technically driven, terroir-first estate. 

All in all, Lafleur’s withdrawal prompts a broader structural question for Bordeaux: how the appellation system adapts to climate change through balancing regional reputation with innovation arising from global-warming challenges. For Lafleur, the decision appears evolutionary rather than disruptive, designed to preserve vineyard resilience and wine quality in a shifting climate.

If Lafleur’s performance continues to mirror its past decade – where brand identity outweighed classification – this change may ultimately serve to strengthen, rather than dilute, its market position.

Q3 summary and a look ahead to Q4

The third quarter of 2025 marked a transition phase for the fine wine market. With mainstream assets recovering and investor sentiment stabilising, fine wine has begun to re-establish its footing after a protracted two-year downturn. Indicators such as the rising bid:offer ratio and renewed regional resilience point toward a more balanced market environment heading into Q4. Price declines have largely moderated, and value-seeking capital is returning, particularly to regions offering long-term quality at attractive entry points.

Looking ahead, the key drivers of performance will continue to be scarcity, selectivity, and producer reputation. Top estates with disciplined production, strong brand equity, and adaptability are well-positioned to outperform as the market moves toward recovery. As Q3 showed, the correction appears to have reached maturity; the next phase is likely to be characterised by gradual re-pricing, focused accumulation, and renewed confidence in fine wine as a stable, long-term asset.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The tax benefits of fine wine investment

All you need to know about fine wine investment and tax: Why 80% of wealth managers expect demand to rise?

  • Fine wine investment offers significant tax benefits.
  • 80% of UK wealth managers believe demand for fine wine will rise due to its Capital Gains Tax exemption.
  • Fine wine is also a suitable asset for lifetime gifting.

Fine wine has always held allure – whether for its rich history and cultural value, collectability, or as a tangible luxury asset. But in today’s financial landscape, its unique tax status in the UK is also becoming a key driver of demand.

Under HMRC taxation rules, most fine wines are classed as “wasting assets” – physical goods with a useful life of under 50 years – making them exempt from Capital Gains Tax (CGT). At a time when tax-free allowances are shrinking and effective rates are rising, this treatment is increasingly attractive.

According to the primary research conducted for our WineCap Wealth Report 2025, 80% of wealth managers believe demand for fine wine will rise, specifically due to its CGT exemption. Beyond portfolio diversification and inflation-resistance, fine wine offers a compelling investment case owing to its tax efficiency. 

CGT tax pie chart

Why taxation matters in fine wine investment

When building a wine portfolio, most investors focus on selecting the right producers, vintages, and entry points. Yet, tax treatment can be just as important in shaping overall returns. Unlike stocks and bonds, fine wine occupies a nuanced space in UK tax law as both a chattel and a wasting asset.

By understanding these rules, investors can:

  • Shield profits from unnecessary tax erosion.
  • Structure transactions more strategically.
  • Plan inheritance and succession more effectively.
  • Reduce the risk of HMRC challenges.

CGT and fine wine

One of the most common questions investors ask is: “Do I pay Capital Gains Tax on fine wine?”

The General Rule

Most fine wine sales do not attract CGT, setting wine apart from property, art, or stocks. However, key exemptions and thresholds apply:

Wasting Asset exemption

  • Wines with a useful life under 50 years are classed as wasting assets and are generally CGT-exempt.
  • HMRC may challenge this in cases involving fortified wines or rare bottles intended for very long-term storage.
  • Best practice: Retain expert evidence at purchase to support expected lifespan.

Chattels exemption

  • Applies where a single bottle or set is sold for under £3,000.
  • If profits from a non-wasting asset (e.g., certain collectible bottles) do not exceed £3,000, CGT will not apply.
  • Where a “set” of bottles is sold to one buyer (e.g., a full case commanding a premium), the £3,000 limit applies to the total transaction, not each bottle.

Current allowances and rates

  • Annual CGT allowance: £3,000 (individuals) / £1,500 (trusts).
  • Gains above allowances taxed at: 18% (basic rate), 24% (higher rate).

Income Tax and fine wine

For most investors, Income Tax is not a concern. However, frequent trading could blur the line between investing and business activity.

  • If HMRC deems an individual a ‘trader’, profits may be taxed as income (up to 45%).
  • Occasional investors are safe, but high-volume sellers should seek specialist advice.

Inheritance Tax (IHT) and gifting

Unlike CGT, fine wine offers no special IHT reliefs. Upon death, portfolios are valued at market price and added to the estate:

  • IHT rate: 40% on estate value above £325,000 (nil-rate band).
  • Potentially higher thresholds: up to £500,000 if leaving a home to direct descendants, or £1 million for married couples/civil partners, depending on eligibility.

Fine wine, however, can be well-suited to lifetime gifting strategies – particularly where gifts qualify under Wasting Asset or Chattels Exemptions. As with all tax-sensitive decisions, individual advice is essential.

Best practices for tax-efficient fine wine investment

To optimise returns and reduce risk, investors should:

  • Keep meticulous records: purchase dates, prices, provenance, storage, lifespan assessments.
  • Support claims with expert evidence: especially for lifespan-based exemptions.
  • Seek independent tax advice: rules vary, and personal circumstances matter.
  • Plan long-term: consider inheritance and succession early.
  • Work with specialists: firms like WineCap provide research, portfolio monitoring, and guidance aligned with tax efficiency.

Investor sentiment: Beyond tax efficiency

While tax advantages are increasingly influential, they are not the sole driver. According to WineCap Wealth Report 2025, sustainability (60%), stability (50%), and tax efficiency (42%) are among the strongest forces shaping fine wine demand.

Fine wine demand

This blend of financial resilience, cultural heritage, and tax efficiency makes fine wine a unique and attractive addition to diversified portfolios.

While UK tax rules provide significant advantages – especially via CGT exemptions – structuring portfolios correctly and planning for inheritance remain essential. By combining careful portfolio building with tax-aware strategies, investors can unlock fine wine’s full potential as a stable, inflation-resistant, and tax-efficient asset class.

At WineCap, we offer the insights and expertise to help investors navigate both the markets and the tax landscape with confidence.

Read our up-to-date Fine Wine Taxation Guide.

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Bordeaux Rising Stars: Has investment paid off?

  • Bordeaux’s rising stars have outperformed the wider market, with prices rising faster than the broader Bordeaux indices.
  • Targeted investment and stylistic shifts have transformed estates like Rauzan-Ségla, Beau-Séjour Bécot, and Pichon Comtesse into modern benchmarks.
  • Critical acclaim has surged, with 95–100 point scores cementing their reputation.

Defining a ‘rising star’

Bordeaux is a region where history runs deep, but tradition does not always guarantee progress. Over the last decade, a handful of estates have managed to transcend their classifications and reputations through bold investment and stylistic reinvention. At WineCap, we define a rising star as a château that:

  • Commits capital to long-term improvement – from vineyard mapping and replanting to new cellars and eco-conscious viticulture.
  • Delivers a clear stylistic shift – moving toward balance, finesse, and terroir transparency.
  • Achieves consistent critical acclaim – with 95-100 point scores becoming the standard.
  • Outperforms the broader market – delivering secondary market returns ahead of the broader Bordeaux indices.

These factors create estates that not only excite drinkers but also offer compelling opportunities for collectors and investors.

Bordeaux Fine Wine performance

Rauzan-Ségla (Margaux, 2ème Cru Classé)

The transformation: Rauzan-Ségla has benefitted from Chanel’s ownership since the 1990s, but the past ten years have marked a decisive leap forward. Under winemaker Nicolas Audebert, the estate has embraced intra-parcel vinification, gentler extraction, and more sustainable vineyard practices. These refinements have elevated Rauzan-Ségla from ‘solid Second Growth’ status to a Margaux benchmark.

Critical acclaim: Since 2015, Rauzan-Ségla has routinely scored in the 95-98 point range from Wine Advocate, Vinous, and Jane Anson. The 2018 and 2020 vintages are considered modern icons.

Market performance: As the chart illustrates, critic scores have risen progressively and significantly. Still trading at a discount to First Growth Margaux, Rauzan-Ségla represents both relative value and rising prestige.

Chateau Rauzan Segla wine performance

Troplong Mondot (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: Troplong Mondot was once synonymous with high-octane, heavily extracted Saint-Émilion. The 2017 ownership change brought in Aymeric de Gironde (ex-Cos d’Estournel MD), who executed a dramatic stylistic shift: earlier harvests, lighter extraction, larger oak formats, and lower alcohol levels. The result is fresher, more terroir-driven wines.

Critical acclaim: William Kelley (Wine Advocate) called the changes a ‘wholesale stylistic revolution’. From 2018 onwards, scores have remained in the 95–97+ range, showing critics’ approval of the new direction.

Market performance: The market has embraced the transformation. Prices for Troplong Mondot have outpaced the broader Saint-Émilion index, rewarding early believers in the estate’s rebirth.

Chateau Troplong Mondot wine performance

Beau-Séjour Bécot (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: A generational change in 2017, with Juliette and Pierre Bécot taking over Beau-Séjour Bécot, brought a new vision. The appointment of consultant Thomas Duclos in 2018 marked a stylistic reset: higher Cabernet Franc usage, limestone expression, and precision over power. Parcel-by-parcel vinification and lower new oak usage have further refined the profile.

Critical acclaim: Antonio Galloni (Vinous) awarded the 2022 vintage a perfect 100 points, calling it ‘a benchmark wine’. Last year, he ranked it among the ‘most improved’ estates in Bordeaux, noting that ‘Juliette Bécot and Julien Barthe have raised the bar here meaningfully over the last handful of years’. William Kelley (Wine Advocate) has praised the château’s run of form since 2018, consistently awarding 95–98 points. Jane Anson describes Beau-Séjour Bécot as ‘one of the Right Bank’s most exciting transformations’.

Market performance: The correlation between rising scores and rising prices is clear. Once overlooked in Saint-Émilion, Beau-Séjour Bécot is now in the same conversation as Canon and Figeac, while still offering relative value.

Beau-Sejour Becot wine performance

Beauséjour Duffau-Lagarrosse (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: Known for its legendary 1990 vintage, Beauséjour struggled with consistency until a new era began. In 2021, ownership passed to Joséphine Duffau-Lagarrosse and the Clarins family, ushering in major investment and a vision for precision-driven winemaking. A new winery project is underway, and viticultural improvements have already shown results.

Critical acclaim: Recent vintages have gained strong momentum, with the 2022 praised by Wine Advocate as a turning point. Jane Anson has written about the estate’s ‘rebirth’, noting how the new regime is restoring its rightful status among Saint-Émilion’s elite.

Market performance: Anticipation of quality improvements has translated into rising secondary market demand. Prices, once stagnant, now track sharply upward, reflecting buyer confidence in the new ownership.

Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande (Pauillac, 2ème Cru Classé)

The transformation: Under Nicolas Glumineau since 2012, Pichon Comtesse has become the textbook definition of a rising star. Investment in geological surveys, vineyard restructuring, and higher Cabernet Sauvignon content has redefined the wine’s character: elegant, structured, and deeply Pauillac.

Critical acclaim: The 2016 vintage earned multiple 100-point scores, confirming Pichon Comtesse as a ‘Super Second’ capable of challenging First Growths. Recent vintages (2019, 2020, 2022) have sustained that trajectory, with critics routinely scoring in the 97-99 range.

Market performance: Prices have risen in lockstep with quality. Today, Pichon Comtesse trades at levels that rival the First Growths, a clear signal of market recognition.

Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

Rising stars in the broader Bordeaux market

Wine Track data shows a clear trend: Bordeaux rising stars have not only achieved higher critic scores, they have also outperformed the wider Bordeaux market in price growth over the past 10 years. Investors who identified these estates early have benefited from both quality recognition and rising demand.

While Bordeaux’s classification system is famously rigid, the market rewards progress. The stories of Rauzan-Ségla, Beau-Séjour Bécot, Beauséjour Duffau-Lagarrosse, Pichon Comtesse, and Troplong Mondot prove that the Bordeaux hierarchy is not fixed. Strategic investment and stylistic courage can turn once-overlooked châteaux into modern icons.

Estates that invest in vineyards, rethink style, and deliver critically acclaimed wines are being re-rated by both critics and investors. In turn, investors who make informed decisions could benefit from the brands’ improved quality and growing reputation.

Looking for more? Read our Bordeaux Regional Report.

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The 2025 guide to investing in alternative assets

Alternative assets are investments outside traditional stocks and bonds. These can range from property, private credit and venture to collectibles such as fine wine, art, watches and classic cars. In 2025, fine wine stands out for its low correlation with equities, global demand, finite supply, strong brands, and the ability to build diversified portfolios from blue-chip regions such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, Tuscany, Piedmont, and Champagne. Success comes from rigorous selection, professional storage, long investment horizons (5-10+ years), and data-driven decision making.

What are alternative assets – and why they matter in 2025

Alternative assets cover three broad categories:

  • Collectibles: fine wine, whisky, art, classic cars, watches, rare coins.
  • Private markets: private equity & credit, venture capital, real estate, infrastructure.
  • Hedge strategies: market-neutral, macro, commodities, and other absolute-return approaches.

The Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst Association (CAIA) frames “alternatives” by their limited liquidity, pricing opacity, and non-traditional risk/return drivers compared with public markets.

Why diversification with alternative assets matters

Many alternatives move differently from listed equities and bonds, which means they can dampen portfolio swings when traditional markets are volatile.

Fine wine is a strong example. Studies have shown it has low – and sometimes negative – correlation with equity markets, improving portfolio efficiency when included alongside traditional assets. In 2025, demand for fine wine has risen by 16% due to its independence from mainstream financial markets. Notably, 34% of UK wealth managers now cite wine’s self-contained nature as a key factor in its resilience during periods of market volatility, up from 30% in 2024.

Fine wine performance statistics

Hedge funds aim for the same goal: delivering returns that aren’t tied too closely to market cycles. In 2024-25, hedge fund results have varied across strategies, but overall performance has improved, highlighting their role as diversifiers rather than trackers of stock indices.

Alternative assets and inflation

One of the strongest advantages of alternative assets is their ability to preserve purchasing power when inflation erodes the value of money. Unlike fixed-income instruments, where interest payments may lag rising prices, many alternatives are underpinned by tangible scarcity and global demand, which supports value through inflationary cycles.

  • Private real assets such as infrastructure and opportunistic real estate have historically passed on rising costs more effectively than their listed counterparts, offering stronger inflation protection.
  • Collectibles benefit from their finite nature. The OIV reported 2024 global wine production at a near 60-year low, underlining how supply limits create pricing power. Fine wine is particularly resilient here: each bottle consumed makes the remaining stock rarer, while global demand ensures international relevance. Over time, well-stored vintages not only hold their value but often appreciate at a pace that outstrips inflation, similar to how gold is viewed as a store of value.
  • Art and luxury goods also serve as currency diversifiers. While the global art market saw values contract by 12% in 2024, activity levels remained robust, showing continued demand for tangible assets that trade across currencies and borders.

In effect, alternatives hedge inflation in ways traditional portfolios cannot. By anchoring value in scarcity, durability, and global liquidity, they help investors preserve real wealth.

Why timing and selection are important

Alternative assets do not present a uniform return stream, and fine wine illustrates this better than most. Outcomes differ dramatically depending on region, producer, vintage, and even release timing. Burgundy, for instance, can respond to very different dynamics than Bordeaux, while Champagne and Tuscany follow their own cycles. Within each region, a benchmark producer may hold value through downturns while lesser names fade.

Even within a single estate, the vintage effect is powerful: the release prices and the performance of First Growth Bordeaux shows a wide gap between celebrated vintages like 2000 or 2009 and those considered ‘off’ years. Variables like provenance and storage, widen the gap further. 

Just as in private equity or hedge funds, where manager selection drives returns, in the fine wine market, knowledge and timing are decisive. 

How liquid are alternative assets?

Liquidity in alternative assets differs from mainstream markets. Public equities and bonds trade daily on exchanges with instant settlement. By contrast, most alternatives – whether private funds or fine wine – take longer to change hands. A sale depends on finding a buyer, agreeing on price, and, in some cases, waiting for a trading window.

This slower pace can be advantageous. Investors willing to commit capital for longer are often rewarded with an extra return for patience. In fine wine, the best opportunities often come from holding rare vintages through periods of scarcity, then releasing them to market when demand peaks.

Access, however, is improving. Just as private credit has grown through evergreen and interval funds, fine wine platforms now make trading more efficient and transparent. Still, liquidity remains uneven: blue-chip Bordeaux or Burgundy may find a ready market, while niche producers or lesser vintages can take longer to sell.

The role of fine wine in 2025

Among alternative assets, fine wine stands out. In 2025, for the third year in a row, it came on top as the most in-demand collectible among financial advisors and wealth managers in both the UK and US. Fine wine is a viable alternative investment avenue for the following reasons: 

  • Scarcity meets demand: Production is both finite and shrinking, while rising global wealth continues to fuel steady demand.
  • Global and brand-driven: Iconic names such as Lafite Rothschild, DRC, and Salon are recognised worldwide and have a track record of delivering consistent value.
  • Diversifiable: Unlike art or cars, fine wine offers broad exposure across regions, producers, and vintages. With hundreds or thousands of cases produced each year, valuations are more transparent and portfolios easier to build.
  • Historically resilient: Fine wine has shown stability in market downturns and attractive long-term returns. Investors can track the performance of individual labels – or entire portfolios – directly through Wine Track.

In 2025, alternatives are no longer niche: they are central to how sophisticated investors diversify, preserve wealth, and seek differentiated returns. Fine wine brings together the key qualities that define successful alternatives: tangible scarcity, global demand, and return dispersion that rewards knowledge and timing.

Fine wine investment FAQs

Is fine wine a good hedge against inflation?
It can help preserve purchasing power over multi-year horizons due to finite supply and global demand, but outcomes vary. Diversify and keep realistic horizons.

How much do I need to start?
You can build a credible, diversified starter portfolio with a five-figure GBP budget; larger allocations allow more breadth and depth.

How long should I invest for?
Plan for 5-10+ years to capture ageing-related scarcity and demand. Tactical positions may realise sooner.

Where should I store wine?
In bonded, climate-controlled facilities with full insurance and documented chain of custody.

What returns should I expect?
Returns are not guaranteed. Focus on selection quality, costs, and disciplined process.