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‘Snake’ wines for Chinese New Year

1989 Chateau Haut Brion wine bottle
  • 2025 marks the Year of the Wood Snake, with previous vintages under the same zodiac sign including 2013, 2001, 1989, and 1977.
  • The Chinese zodiac has traditionally had an impact on wine demand in Asia, which in turn affects the price performance of highly sought-after wines. 
  • We highlight the best regions and wines from past ‘Snake’ years.

The Chinese zodiac continues to influence fine wine trends in Asia, particularly around Lunar New Year. 2025 marks the Year of the Wood Snake, with previous vintages under the same zodiac sign including 2013, 2001, 1989, and 1977. Below we explore the best regions and wines from these ‘Snake’ years and their investment appeal.

The significance of the snake in Chinese culture

In Chinese tradition, the Snake symbolises wisdom, intuition, and elegance. The Wood Snake specifically reflects growth, creativity, and a steady rooted approach to success. These traits align well with the qualities sought after in fine wines: depth, complexity, and balance. Lunar New Year celebrations often include gifting wines that embody these ideals, making vintages from previous Snake years highly sought-after. 

Past ‘Snake’ vintages

2013

A cooler vintage in many wine regions, 2013 produced exceptional wines in Napa Valley, Burgundy and the Rhône. Burgundy excelled with refined reds and whites celebrated for their freshness and purity, with the best examples coming from notable producers such as Domaine de la Romanée-Conti and Comte Georges de Vogüé.

In Napa Valley, a warm, dry autumn contributed to standout Cabernet Sauvignon wines, including iconic labels like Opus One, Dominus, and Screaming Eagle earning high critical appraisal. These highly sought-after wines are likely to enjoy increased demand and rising prices in light of the year of the Snake. 

The Rhône also over-delivered in 2013, with M. Chapoutier’s Ermitage Le Pavillon and Guigal’s single-vineyard wines demonstrating the vintage’s potential. In Italy, Barolo and Barbaresco shone brightly, with producers like Gaja and Vietti crafting wines with great ageing potential. 

2001

Hailed as a classic vintage across several regions, 2001 is especially prized for high-end Bordeaux, which is now reaching its peak. Highlights include renowned estates such as Château Latour, Château Margaux, and Château d’Yquem. The latter achieved a perfect score from Robert Parker, cementing its status as one of the finest sweet wines of the century.

Italy’s Barolo region experienced a legendary year in 2001. Wines from Bruno Giacosa, Bartolo Mascarello, and Giuseppe Rinaldi are benchmarks of the vintage. Meanwhile, the Rhône delivered one of its best years, with Guigal’s La La wines setting new standards for Syrah.

1989

Widely regarded as one of Bordeaux’s greatest vintages, 1989 produced rich, opulent wines with excellent ageing potential. Standouts include Château Haut-Brion, which earned a perfect score from Robert Parker, and Pétrus. In Sauternes, Château d’Yquem once again delivered a reference point for the region.

Beyond Bordeaux, Germany enjoyed a successful year for Riesling. The Mosel and Rheingau regions produced highly collectible wines, celebrated for their vibrant acidity and age-worthy structure. These Rieslings remain a cornerstone for those seeking top-quality German wines.

1977

1977 was a triumphant year for Port production, which has made vintage Port from producers like Taylor’s, Fonseca, and Graham’s a cornerstone for collectors focused on fortified wines. Noteworthy wines from other regions include Domaine Leroy in Burgundy and Château Pichon Lalande in Bordeaux still surprise with their enduring quality and long drinking windows.

Market appeal of ‘Snake’ vintages

Buyers can find regional highlights across all of these Snake-year vintages that are likely to see increased demand in 2025, whether it is 2013 Napa or 1989 Bordeaux. The cultural significance of the snake adds an extra layer of allure in Asian markets, where symbolism often plays a role in purchasing decisions.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Understanding Burgundy’s regional divisions

Burgundy France wine region

Burgundy – a region synonymous with some of the world’s finest wines – is a patchwork of complexity. Its intricate divisions span geography, quality, ownership, and production. Among these, the regional distinctions are perhaps the most foundational, forming the backbone of Burgundy’s identity as the most expensive fine wine region in the world. Today, we explore the five distinct regions of Burgundy, each offering a unique contribution to the region’s storied reputation.

Regional divisions

Burgundy is divided into four contiguous regions and one satellite. Although Beaujolais is geographically sometimes considered part of Burgundy, administratively it forms part of the Rhône region. The total area is around 30,000 hectares under vine, of which more than 80% is subject to some form of AOC classification. From this, Burgundy produces around one quarter of the volume of wine made in Bordeaux’s commensurate with a significantly smaller area under vine.

Chablis (Satellite)

The historic town of Chablis is located a mere two hours from Paris. The town and its historic vineyards live up to their reputation of creating a high calibre of Chardonnay.

Whether it is the limestone soil, the reticence towards oak ageing or the mineral quality that make the wines from the region so unique, the result is the same: the wines of Chablis are like no other. The area lay underneath a vast tropical sea some 200 million years ago that slowly transformed the seabed into limestone soils. Absorbing deposits of fossilised marine life — particularly seashells — those remnants live on in the rich, mineralised soil that is the region’s premier advantage.

Chablis is divided into four categories of excellence. In descending order, they are: Chablis Grand Cru, Chablis Premier Cru, Chablis and Petit Chablis. Grand Cru production is small and elusive; only seven ‘climats’ running parallel to the Serein River are elevated to Grand Cru status. These wines have low production and high price tags. In contrast to Grand Cru’s seven ‘climats’, Premier Cru claims 40 vineyards, including the highly desirable Vaillons, Montmains, Fourchaume and Vaulorent sites. Chablis is the most predominant appellation, with Petit Chablis, while still being praiseworthy, ranking last among the four.

Côte de Nuits

The Côte de Nuits is home to many of the greatest names in Burgundy wine. Situated in the Northern part of the Côte d’Or, it produces largely red wines and is a true paradise for Pinot Noir, accommodating a tremendous number of legendary Grand Crus. The terrain is essentially a narrow strip of hillside, sometimes just 200m wide, and the Grand Crus that adorn it are some of the smallest appellations in France.

The region has a rich history. As far back as the third century AD, viticulture has featured in the Côte de Nuits thanks to the Romans. Though a challenging terroir to manage, the wines of the area were the envy of the Roman Empire. Later on, under the care of the Benedictine and then Cistercian orders, the renown of the wines made famous the concept of unique terroir and its impact on expression. In the 17th century, much of the area came under ownership through the outlandish bidding wars of the bourgeoisie, but the French Revolution saw it sequestered and sold to independent ownership.

Its Grand Cru holdings include such internationally revered appellations as Chambertin, Clos Saint Denis, Clos de Vougeot, Échézeaux, Romanée-Conti and La Tâche to name just a few, and the Premier Cru holdings are also high-quality.

Côte de Beaune

The Côte de Beaune is situated around the town of Beaune and produces both white and red wines. Beaune, the second-largest town in the Côte d’Or, has been so closely associated with Burgundy’s wines that, for a time and well before the 1936 appellation was granted, all wines from this region were simply called ‘Beaune wines’. Because it is also based in the geographical heart of the wine trade industry, the area is one of the diverse few that offers a mix of farming and trade. Most of the activity takes place on the western side of Beaune as this is where the vineyards are located.

The appellation has a high proportion of Premier Cru plots, with over 40 ‘climats’ that stretch from north to south, uninterrupted by commerce or residential development. The wines from Beaune are predominantly red, but the trend towards Chardonnay has sparked a new increase in white wine production.

Côte Chalonnaise

Producing both ruby reds and graceful whites, Côte Chalonnaise lies to the south of the Côte de Beaune. A landscape punctuated by hills with southeast facing slopes, hot summers and generally dry weather sees grapes develop with excellent phenolic ripeness. Sharing similar soils to the Côte de Beaune, it is often considered a natural extension of the region.

Vines planted here are predominantly Chardonnay and Pinot Noir but are also home to the Aligoté grape in select areas. The reds are clean and firm and, though austere in their youth, will handle ageing well. Whites are clear and floral with fleshy and lively bodies.

Côte Chalonnaise is home to such celebrated appellations as Montagny, Givry, Mercurey and Rully. Sporting a good number of Premier Cru ‘climats’ among them, these areas have a number of poignant historical claims, including that Givry’s wines were the favourites of the French King Henri IV. In the early 19th century, négociants with vines in Mercurey and Rully hosted a man from the Champagne region. Shortly after, sparkling white wines were produced and Crémant de Bourgogne was born.

Mâcconais

Mâcconais is the southernmost of the five wine-producing regions of Burgundy. It is a pastoral rolling landscape nestled between two valleys. With the Grosne to the West and the Saône to the East, it is home to stony outcrops of monumental proportions.

Historically speaking, the Mâcconais was shaped by its religious significance, with the Benedictine tradition of prayer and labour encouraging the monks of the Abbey of Cluny to cultivate vineyards in 909. Thanks to the wealth generated by these vineyards, which stretched further north than the Abbey’s southern location, another abbey, the abbey of Cîteaux, was later founded in 1098. 

80% of the vines in the Mâcconais are planted as Chardonnay, with the remainder being largely Gamay and, to a much smaller extent, Pinot Noir. With its southern facing aspects it produces wines of tremendously rich and aromatic character and is home to such renowned appellations as Pouilly-Fuissé, Pouilly-Vinzelles, Saint-Véran and Viré-Clessé. 

Looking for more? Read our Burgundy Regional Report, which delves into the fundamentals of this fascinating region and the development of its investment market. 

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Burgundy En Primeur 2023 and the current market

  • The 2023 Burgundy vintage is bountiful but heterogeneous in quality.
  • Careful selection of reputable domains and top producers is necessary when making purchasing decisions.
  • In the secondary market, Burgundy prices have fallen 15.2% in the last year.

The Burgundy En Primeur 2023 campaign brings a vintage full of potential and expectations: potential due to the quality but mostly quantity of the vintage in a region defined by scarcity, and expectations for reduced pricing given producers’ desire to sell.

This article provides an overview of the 2023 Burgundy vintage and the market environment that surrounds its launch. 

A heterogeneous but plentiful vintage

The 2023 Burgundy vintage first made news for its volume, which surpassed the region’s average production levels by 30%. Despite heat, drought and flooding challenges, the overall perception is of success – large quantities and above-average quality. Sarah Marsh MW summed it up: ‘The 2023 Burgundy was a bounteous but heterogenous vintage in which the white wines outshone the reds’. 

2023 saw a late-season heat spike that concentrated the fruit. Chardonnay benefited from earlier harvests before extreme heat, while Pinot Noir avoided dilution concerns and achieved natural alcohol levels of 13 – 13.5%. 

The vintage’s overall quality depended heavily on producer management, such as controlling yields for reds and maintaining freshness and acidity in whites. In comparison to the richer, more consistent 2022 vintage, the 2023s demonstrate greater precision, transparency and approachability. Growers and critics have suggested that the 2022/23 might mirror the 2015/16 or 2009/10 pairs.  

The highlights include Bonnes Mares, which stood out for its opulence and structure, with the best examples from Domaine de la Vougeraie and Domaine Dujac. For whites, cooler and mineral-driven sites like Puligny Caillerets and Meursault Perrières were particularly compelling, showcasing precision and vibrancy. Producers like Comte de Vogue, Jean Chartron, and Violot-Guillemard have garnered critical praise. 

Market context

The Burgundy En Primeur 2023 campaign unfolds against a backdrop of shifting market dynamics. Following a robust 2022 vintage and a successful campaign, producers are navigating a softened market. Burgundy prices have fallen 15.2% in the past year, more than any other fine wine region.

Burgundy 150 index

Additionally, seven Burgundies dropped from the list of the most 100 most powerful brands in the world in 2024. Still, Burgundy continues to dominate the list, cementing its place as a powerhouse in the global fine wine market. The region’s market share also remains strong, hovering around 25% and sometimes reaching 30%.

Pricing strategies

As producers seek to gather momentum with the 2023 vintage, some are keeping stable pricing levels or even lowering prices. The sizable 2023 yields stand in contrast to the tiny harvests anticipated in 2024, further amplifying the value proposition of the current release.

The 2023 vintage can thus represent a strategic opportunity. Careful selection – looking both at quality and value compared to older vintages – will be necessary, especially as the downward market trend offers a window to secure high-quality Burgundy wines at more accessible price points. More and better priced stock from older vintages has become available, creating competition for the new releases. 

The current market dynamics, characterised by adjusted pricing and evolving consumer trends, create an intriguing context for the campaign. As Burgundy continues to adapt to market shifts and climatic challenges, its enduring prestige remains as compelling as ever.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today

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Fine wine vs crypto? History, volatility and market returns

Bitcoin cyrpto currency versus fine wine as an asset
  • Fine wine offers steady, long-term growth with controlled price fluctuations, while Bitcoin’s extreme volatility presents both high-risk and high-reward opportunities.
  • Fine wine’s centuries-old market is supported by scarcity, provenance, and established ecosystems, contrasting Bitcoin’s shorter, speculation-driven history.
  • Fine wine appeals to risk-averse investors seeking diversification, while Bitcoin caters to those pursuing rapid investments.

Bitcoin has recently captured investment interest as it surged past the $100,000 (£80,000) benchmark for the first time in December last year, up from $45,000 (£36,000) at the beginning of 2024. With its meteoric rise fuelled by regulatory approvals for cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds and mostly the results of the US presidential election, Bitcoin demonstrated its ability to deliver unparalleled gains. Yet, crypto remains a high-risk asset defined by dramatic volatility. From its genesis in 2009, Bitcoin has seen multiple boom-and-bust cycles, with price swings of over 50% in both directions within a single year not uncommon. 

By contrast, fine wine represents a markedly different asset class, appealing to those who prioritise stability and long-term appreciation. The fine wine market has a storied history spanning centuries, with values driven by scarcity, provenance, and global demand rather than speculative hype. While prices in the fine wine market can fluctuate, they tend to avoid the extreme volatility seen in cryptocurrencies. Instead, they enjoy steady growth that outpaces inflation and provides a reliable hedge against economic uncertainty.

Volatility

Bitcoin’s price chart tells a story of rapid ascents and precipitous falls. For example, its 2017 bull run saw prices climb from £800 ($1,000) to nearly £16,000 ($20,000) only to crash to £2,400 ($3,000) the following year. Similar patterns occurred in 2021 and again in 2024, leaving investors questioning when the next downturn might strike.

Fine wine, on the other hand, avoids such dramatic shifts. Prices typically rise or fall within a controlled range, supported by consistent demand from collectors and investors worldwide.

Historical context

Cryptocurrencies are a product of the digital age, with Bitcoin gaining widespread attention only over the past decade. Its rise has been driven by speculative interest, technological innovation, and the allure of decentralisation. However, its short history leaves it vulnerable to regulatory uncertainties, technological disruptions, and shifting investor sentiment.

Fine wine, conversely, boasts a legacy that stretches back centuries. Iconic regions like Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Tuscany have long been synonymous with quality and value. Investments in fine wine are supported by an established ecosystem of producers, merchants, and auction houses. This historical grounding provides a level of security that new asset classes like cryptocurrency struggle to match.

Market performance

One of the defining features of fine wine as an investment is the importance of regional performance. For instance, Burgundy has risen 550% on average over the last twenty years, with some wines achieving returns of over 1,500%. 

The world of fine wine has its own higher risk and higher return investments but it also offers a range of reliable long-term performers. This is why building a fine wine portfolio requires expertise and careful curation. A well-diversified portfolio includes big brands but also undervalued wines and vintages from a variety of regions which can see their value rise based on demand, critic scores, age or other intrinsic factors. 

Liquidity: fast vs steady

Liquidity is another key difference between fine wine and crypto. Bitcoin can be bought and sold 24/7 on global exchanges, making it one of the most liquid investments available. However, this liquidity can exacerbate price swings, with significant moves often triggered by news events or changes in market sentiment.

Fine wine, while less liquid, offers a more controlled market environment. Secondary sales typically occur through investment companies and trading platforms, with prices reflecting a stable and growing investor base. This slower pace can be an advantage for investors seeking to avoid speculative bubbles.

Diversification and portfolio strategy

In today’s investment landscape, fine wine and cryptocurrency appeal to very different investor profiles. Bitcoin caters to those seeking high-risk, high-reward opportunities, while fine wine offers steady, long-term growth and diversification. Incorporating both into a portfolio can provide balance, but the emphasis should align with an investor’s risk tolerance and financial goals.

Fine wine also underscores the importance of expertise. A portfolio focused on iconic regions and proven vintages can deliver strong returns, with minimal exposure to the broader market’s ups and downs. As seen in the market of 2024, the best-performing wines relied on deep knowledge of regional trends and intrinsic dynamics.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The evolution of Bordeaux’s vineyard prices: what’s behind the price tag?

Pauillac Bordeaux vineyards
  • Vineyard prices in Pauillac have risen over 700% in the last 30 years.  
  • Sauternes has faced a 90% decline during the same period. 
  • Pomerol has significantly outpaced Saint-Émilion, partly due to its compact size and luxury appeal.

The American Association of Wine Economists has released data on the evolution of Bordeaux vineyard prices from 1991 to 2023. Over this period, Bordeaux has become the centrepiece of a thriving, regulated wine investment market.

Global demand for Bordeaux wines has fueled remarkable growth, with top estates achieving iconic status as luxury brands. A 2011 valuation revealed that over 50 of Bordeaux’s leading châteaux belong to the €50 million club, with a combined market value exceeding €15 billion.

In the past two decades, Bordeaux fine wine prices have risen by an average of 200%, accompanied by significant increases in vineyard prices in its most sought-after appellations.

This article delves into the shifting dynamics of Bordeaux’s wine industry, examining their impact on vineyard prices and the contrasting trajectories of key sub-regions like Pauillac, Sauternes, Pomerol, and Saint-Émilion.

American Association of Wine Economists Bordeaux vineyard prices

Pauillac’s extraordinary growth

Pauillac’s vineyard prices have experienced extraordinary growth over the past three decades, surging by 700.6% from €374,700 per hectare in 1991 to €3 million in 2023. The region is home to the First Growths Lafite Rothschild, Latour, and Mouton Rothschild.

When compared to other regions, Pauillac’s relatively small size – spanning approximately 1,200 hectares under vine – is a key factor contributing to its high vineyard prices. This limited vineyard area, combined with the prestige of its châteaux, creates a scarcity effect that drives up demand and valuation. Despite its compact footprint, Pauillac has managed to consistently dominate the fine wine market.

The rise of Pauillac aligns with the global increase in demand for fine Bordeaux wines, particularly during the 2000s and early 2010s, when new markets like China became major consumers. However, this growth has slowed in recent years. This could stem from market saturation, with collectors shifting their attention to other Bordeaux appellations or entirely different regions such as Burgundy and Champagne. 

The decline of Sauternes

In stark contrast to Pauillac, Sauternes has suffered a decline, losing nearly 90% of its vineyard value since 1991. Once valued at €293,000 per hectare – higher than Saint-Émilion at the time – Sauternes vineyards are now priced at around €30,000 per hectare, according to AAWE. This fall can largely be attributed to waning consumer interest in sweet wines.

The production costs associated with Sauternes, which involve the labour-intensive process of harvesting botrytised (noble rot) grapes further compound the issue. While top producers like Château d’Yquem continue to uphold the region’s reputation, the broader market for Sauternes is facing challenges due to changing consumer preferences.

Pomerol and Saint-Émilion: a tale of two trajectories

Pomerol and Saint-Émilion present an interesting comparison, with Pomerol emerging as a high-growth luxury niche and Saint-Émilion maintaining steady performance. From 1991 to 2023, Pomerol vineyard prices rose by 213.4%, reaching €2 million per hectare, while Saint-Émilion saw only a modest 14.7% increase to €300,000 per hectare. These differences can be explained by several key factors.

  1. Size and scale

Saint-Émilion spans a vast 5,400 hectares, compared to Pomerol’s much smaller 800 hectares. This sheer scale means Saint-Émilion includes a wide range of producers, from elite châteaux like Cheval Blanc and Ausone to lesser-known estates producing more affordable wines. In contrast, Pomerol’s compact size results in a higher concentration of prestigious vineyards, with fewer smaller players to dilute its overall market perception.

  1. Classification systems

Saint-Émilion’s classification system – updated every decade – categorises its estates into tiers such as Premier Grand Cru Classé A and B, and Grand Cru Classé. However, the frequent use of the “Grand Cru” designation (applied to over 60% of the region’s wines) might work against it, and partly diminish the exclusivity of this title.

Conversely, Pomerol lacks any formal classification system, allowing individual estates like Pétrus and Le Pin to dominate through their reputations alone. This lack of stratification has paradoxically bolstered the region’s image as a luxury appellation. Its reputation as a source of small-production, Merlot-dominant wines has further cemented its status as a ‘cult’ appellation among collectors and investors. 

  1. Smaller players and price dilution

Saint-Émilion’s large number of smaller, lesser-known producers contributes to its lower average vineyard price. These producers often operate outside the Grand Cru Classé system, pulling down the overall valuation of the region. In Pomerol, the scarcity of vineyards and the dominance of high-profile estates create a ‘halo effect’ that supports consistently high valuations, even for lesser-known properties.

Implications for the wine investment market

The contrasting trajectories of Bordeaux’s appellations highlight the complexity of the fine wine investment market. Pauillac’s recent plateau demonstrates that even the most prestigious regions are not immune to market saturation, while Pomerol’s steady growth underscores the enduring appeal of scarcity and exclusivity. In contrast, Sauternes illustrates the vulnerability of regions reliant on shifting consumer preferences. However, renewed efforts by producers to embrace sustainability, innovation, and rebranding may help revive interest in sweet wines and mitigate some of these challenges.

Despite fluctuations, Bordeaux’s iconic estates and global reputation remain a cornerstone of the fine wine market. For investors and collectors, navigating the nuanced landscape of vineyard prices and evolving market dynamics will be crucial to securing long-term success in this ever-changing industry.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today

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2024’s big investment themes

Global investment market 2024
  • AI integration has been a significant driver of market activity in 2024.
  • US dollar surged following President Donald Trump’s re-election, but subsequent tariff announcements led to market volatility. 
  • Fine wine solidified its status as the most popular collectible asset in 2024.

The global investment landscape in 2024 has been shaped by the interplay of technological innovation, geopolitical shifts, and a growing appetite for alternative assets. From the rapid integration of AI and rising interest in collectibles to the continued emphasis on sustainability and diversification, investors have navigated an evolving landscape with a focus on innovation, stability, and resilience. Below we examined the big investment themes that defined the year that was. 

AI adoption and mergers and acquisitions

The rapid adoption of AI has been a significant driver of market activity in 2024. Major corporations across various sectors have invested heavily in AI infrastructure to enhance operational efficiency and innovation. This surge in AI integration has led to increased capital expenditures, with leading tech firms projected to spend over $200 billion on AI-related infrastructure, doubling their 2021 spending. 

The growing demand for AI expertise has spurred a wave of mergers and acquisitions among asset managers. A survey by PwC revealed that 81% of global asset managers and institutional investors are considering strategic partnerships or acquisitions of AI-capable businesses by 2028. 

Sports investing gains momentum

Investing in sports has emerged as an attractive avenue, with major leagues’ valuations outpacing the S&P 500 by up to five times. Relaxed ownership rules and the rapid growth in valuations have drawn interest from top firms. Investment options include equity ownership in teams or franchises and credit through loans or structured equity for team or stadium development. However, the sector’s illiquidity and lack of extensive historical performance data require higher return expectations and a thorough understanding of investment projections. 

Currency volatility amid political developments

The U.S. dollar exhibited notable volatility throughout the year, influenced by political developments and economic policies. Following President Donald Trump’s re-election, the dollar initially strengthened against major currencies, driven by investor optimism over proposed tax cuts and infrastructure spending. However, subsequent announcements of tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China led to market jitters, causing fluctuations in the dollar’s value. 

Global market adjustments

Trump’s policies, including tax cuts and increased tariffs, impacted global markets. U.S. Treasury 10-year bonds surged in yield, anticipating higher budget deficits and inflation, potentially decreasing the likelihood of Federal Reserve rate cuts. Sectors like defense, mining, and international firms earning in dollars were poised to benefit from the currency strength, while renewable energy companies and the automotive industry have faced challenges. 

Emphasis on diversification and alternative investments

In response to market uncertainties, there has been a heightened focus on diversification and alternative investments. Strategies such as incorporating real assets like real estate, commodities, and infrastructure into portfolios have been recommended to hedge against inflation. Additionally, interest in private credit has surged due to its attractive returns, with institutional investors seeking to capture higher yields and diversify portfolios with liquid alternatives and hedge funds. 

Fine wine – the most popular collectible

Fine wine has solidified its status as the most popular collectible asset in 2024, driven by its unique blend of stability, sustainability, and market appeal. A remarkable 92% of wealth managers anticipate demand for fine wine to increase over the next year, reflecting its growing allure.

Several factors have contributed to fine wine’s investment appeal including supply and demand, and tax efficiency. Investor confidence in the market’s liquidity has also surged by 32% in 2024, bolstered by advanced technologies that improve trading experiences and ensure security. Fine wine is increasingly viewed as a socially and environmentally conscious investment, with 68% of wealth managers citing sustainability as a key motivation for their clients to invest in this asset. Finally, fine wine continues to offer a stable alternative amid economic volatility. These attributes position fine wine as a cornerstone in the broader trend toward alternative investments. 

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations

Sustainable investment considerations have remained a focal point, with changing regulatory disclosures and a growing emphasis on ESG factors. The EU continues to lead in the sustainable funds market, accounting for 84% of global assets in this sector. However, amid allegations of greenwashing and stricter regulations, there has been a notable decrease in funds incorporating ESG-related terms into their names, particularly in the United States. 

In summary, 2024 has been characterized by technological advancements, strategic corporate activities, and a cautious yet opportunistic investment approach amid political and economic uncertainties. 

See also: Special report – 2023’s big investment themes: fine wine and beyond

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Older vintages dominate 2024’s best-performing wines

Domaine Pegau wine bottle
  • The biggest price risers in 2024 reveal a strong preference for older vintages.
  • The best-performing wine came from the Rhône, having risen 80.5% in value year-to-date.
  • Tuscany, Ribera del Duero, Bordeaux and Sauternes also featured in the rankings.

The biggest price risers in 2024 reveal a strong preference for older vintages, underlining the importance of time in achieving wine investment returns.  

The Rhône leads performance

Although Rhône prices declined 9.9% on average this year, the region gave rise to some of the best-performing wines.

Domaine Pegau Châteauneuf-du-Pape Cuvée Réservée Rouge 2013 led the charge with an impressive 80.5% rise. Other regional standouts, including Clos des Papes Châteauneuf-du-Pape Rouge 2014 (61.2%) and Château de Beaucastel Rouge 2013 (31.1%), highlighted the enduring demand for Châteauneuf-du-Pape from highly rated mature vintages.

Highlights from Spain and Italy

While the Rhône claims several top spots, other regions also showcase the profitability of mature vintages. From Spain, the 2010 Vega Sicilia Unico achieved a notable 24.9% increase. Known for its high quality and limited production, Vega Sicilia continues to represent Spanish winemaking at its finest, cementing its status as a blue-chip investment wine.

Italy made a strong appearance with the 2014 Fontodi Flaccianello delle Pieve, which has risen 6.8% in value. This Tuscan gem, crafted from 100% Sangiovese, reflects the growing international appeal of Italy’s finest wines. Collectors are increasingly drawn to Italy not only for its iconic producers but also for its remarkable balance of accessibility and age-worthiness.

Top performing wines of 2024

Bordeaux’s resilience

No fine wine discussion is complete without Bordeaux, and 2024 is no exception. While price growth among Bordeaux wines in this dataset may be more modest, the region’s consistency remains its hallmark. The 2013 Ducru-Beaucaillou saw a solid 19.2% increase, while the 2012 Chateau L’Eglise-Clinet also featured among the top performers. 

Two Château Rieussec vintages, the 2015 and 2014, reflected Sauternes’ consistent market performance, although the category is often overlooked.

The allure of maturity

The unifying thread across these top-performing wines is their maturity. Each wine has benefited from time in the bottle, allowing its market value to increase. Mature vintages offer an enticing combination of drinking pleasure and investment potential, a dual appeal that drives demand among collectors and investors alike.

This preference for older wines reflects a broader trend within the fine wine market: a growing appreciation for provenance and readiness to drink. As global markets for fine wine continue to mature, buyers are prioritising wines with a proven track record, both in terms of quality and price appreciation.

What this means for investors

The list of the best-performing wines of 2024 shows the importance of patience and long-term approach when it comes to investing. Additionally, diversification across regions and styles can help mitigate risk and enhance returns.

The performance of these wines provides a clear takeaway: older vintages remain at the forefront of the fine wine market. 

For more read our latest report “Opportunities in uncertainty: the 2024 fine wine market and 2025 outlook”.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Report – Opportunities in uncertainty: the 2024 fine wine market and 2025 outlook

Executive summary

  • Q4 was marked by political developments, changing economic policies, and geopolitical events, including the re-election of President Trump.
  • The strengthened US dollar boosted fine wine demand across the pond.
  • Fine wine prices fell 11% across major regions in 2024, reflecting a continued market correction. 
  • Italy was the most resilient fine wine region, while Burgundy experienced the biggest adjustment.
  • Rhône wines dominated the list of the best performing wines in 2024, with Domaine Pegau Cuvée Réservée Rouge 2013 leading (80.5%).
  • Older vintages (2010-2014) performed well, reflecting the market’s preference for mature, proven wines, while new releases struggled when not priced correctly.
  • Optimism for market recovery is focused on premium regions like Piedmont, Champagne, and Burgundy.
  • Economic uncertainties and mixed performance in Bordeaux are expected to persist, but continued interest in fine wine signals resilience and potential for long-term growth.

Q4 in context: political and economic drivers

It has been an eventful quarter, marked by political developments, changing economic policies, and geopolitical events. The re-election of President Donald Trump in November prompted a rapid response in global markets. US equities reacted positively to the outcome, as investors anticipated business-friendly policies and potential fiscal stimulus, particularly benefiting sectors like manufacturing and technology. However, concerns over increased tariffs created uncertainties for multinational corporations.

Rising US Treasury yields, driven by expectations of future interest rate hikes, attracted capital inflows, strengthening the US dollar. While this reinforced investor confidence in U.S. economic policies, it also raised concerns about higher borrowing costs and their potential drag on economic growth. Emerging market currencies faced downward pressure as fears of US trade measures and capital outflows grew.

In late November, a US-France-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah took effect, reducing immediate geopolitical risks after over a year of hostilities. Despite the agreement, markets remained cautious, keeping a close watch for potential disruptions to the fragile stability.

Markets in 2024: the year that was

Bitcoin made headlines this month by surpassing the $100,000 mark for the first time, peaking at an all-time high of $104,000 on Coinbase. The surge was fuelled by growing investor optimism around a favourable regulatory environment under President-elect Donald Trump, who has signalled support for cryptocurrencies through key appointments and policy proposals.

Equity markets have also enjoyed a strong year, bolstered by a resilient US economy and easing inflation pressures. These conditions have allowed central banks to pause or slow rate hikes. Strong corporate earnings, particularly in the technology and AI sectors, have further propelled the S&P 500’s stellar performance.

The global energy market in 2024 has experienced notable fluctuations. Concerns over a potential global economic slowdown, driven by weak demand from China and other developed economies, have weighed on crude oil prices. While OPEC’s production cuts have provided some price support, they have not been sufficient to fully offset the impact of declining demand.

Meanwhile, gold has reaffirmed its role as a safe-haven asset in 2024. Persistent geopolitical tensions, inflation concerns, and financial market volatility have driven demand for the precious metal, supporting its strong performance throughout the year.

Market performance in 2024

*Current values: 06/12/2024

The fine wine market in 2024

The fine wine market in 2024 continued its downward trajectory from 2023, with broad declines across major indices. The Liv-ex 100 has fallen 9.2% year-to-date, while the Liv-ex 50, which tracks First Growth Bordeaux, is down 10.9%.

Despite these overall declines, the market showcased notable regional disparities and emerging opportunities. Examined at more length in the following section, Italy has been a beacon of resilience, while ‘overheated’ regions like Burgundy have readjusted.    

Notably, prices did not fall because of lower demand for fine wine. Market activity remained high, with the number of fine wine trades in 2024 surpassing 2023 by 7.9%. 

Regional fine wine performance

Regional fine wine indices performance in 2024

The fine wine market saw mixed performances as the year drew to a close. Italy stood out as the most resilient region, with prices falling 6% – a fraction of the 11.1% average decline in the Liv-ex 1000 index. High-scoring releases buoyed Italy’s secondary market, while diverse offerings such as Antinori Brunello di Montalcino Vigna Ferrovia Riserva (38%) underscored the country’s stability and value. Italy’s growing influence was evident in the 2024 Power 100 rankings, where it claimed 22 spots – nine more than last year – closing the gap on Burgundy and Bordeaux in terms of investor interest and price performance.

Burgundy has faced the greatest readjustment among all regions, with prices declining by 14.4% year-to-date. This correction followed years of meteoric growth and reflects a market adjustment as prices recalibrate. The decline has created opportunities for investors to acquire rare and prestigious labels at more accessible prices. Burgundy’s reputation as a cornerstone of fine wine investment remains intact despite this year’s setbacks, with long-term demand likely to persist.

Champagne also experienced a challenging year, with prices falling 9.8%. However, the region showed signs of stabilisation toward the end of the year. Older vintages led this recovery, with labels such as Taittinger Brut Millesime up 29%, signalling enduring interest in high-quality, aged Champagne. 

Bordeaux, the largest and most liquid fine wine region, saw an 11.3% decline. Liquidity remains Bordeaux’s strength, but it no longer guarantees safety in today’s market. Recent vintages in particular have struggled, with many trading below their release prices. 

California wines fell 8.6% but showed positive momentum in November. The region’s growing presence in the fine wine investment space has been driven by the rising popularity of brands like Dominus, Joseph Phelps, and Promontory.

Spanish wine also benefitted from surging US demand, with Vega Sicilia Unico taking the top spot as the most powerful fine wine brand in 2024. Two other Spanish wines also made the rankings – Dominio de Pingus and R. Lopez de Heredia – a testament to Spain’s growing investment potential.  

The best-performing wines in 2024

Top-performing wines of 2024

The Rhône dominated this year’s top-performing wines, claiming four of the ten spots on the list. Domaine de Pegau Cuvee Reservee Rouge 2013 led the charge with an impressive 80.5% rise. Other regional standouts, including Clos des Papes Châteauneuf-du-Pape Rouge 2014 (61.2%) and Château de Beaucastel Rouge 2013 (31.1%), highlighted the enduring demand for Châteauneuf-du-Pape from highly rated, older vintages.

Beyond the Rhône, Spain’s Vega Sicilia Unico 2010 (24.9%) showcased the strength of Ribera del Duero as a rising force in the wine investment market. Vega Sicilia also ranked as the most powerful wine brand in the 2024 Power 100 rankings. 

Bordeaux and Sauternes also featured. Château Rieussec took two spots with its 2015 (10%) and 2014 (7.2%) vintages. Meanwhile, Ducru-Beaucaillou 2013 (19.2%) and Château L’Eglise-Clinet 2012 (3.9%) showed that Bordeaux’s established names have continued to attract investment interest where there has been value on offer.

A clear trend this year was the strong performance of older vintages, with wines from 2010 to 2014 dominating the list. Only two ‘younger’ vintages, 2015 and 2019, appeared on the list and no new releases. This aligns with a broader preference for mature wines, which offer proven track records and immediate drinkability.

2024 takeaways

The market downturn has presented opportunities to acquire premium wines at more accessible price points, offering a chance to diversify portfolios with an asset known for its historically strong long-term performance.

For another year, Bordeaux En Primeur struggled to attract significant interest with the release of the 2023 vintage, especially for wines where older proven vintages offered better value. Economic uncertainty further highlighted the appeal of the classics. Iconic Bordeaux vintages – such as 2000, 2005, and 2009 – and Italy’s Super Tuscans stood out as stable investment options. These wines offered a combination of historical performance and consistent demand, reinforcing their status as cornerstone assets in fine wine portfolios.

Declining prices also brought rare and prestigious wines back into circulation, offering investors the chance to secure assets that were previously inaccessible. This period allowed for strategic acquisitions of iconic labels at attractive price points, setting the stage for potential long-term gains as the market stabilises.

Below the surface of the downturn, 2024 presented great buying opportunities, making it a pivotal year for investors, whether looking to enter the market or enhance their existing portfolios.  

2025 market outlook

The 2025 fine wine market outlook is cautiously positive, driven by optimism for premium regions such as Piedmont, Champagne, and Burgundy. Insights from the 2024 Golden Vines Report show that 64% of industry professionals anticipate market growth, particularly for high-end Italian wines like Barolo and Barbaresco, which are increasingly viewed as alternatives to Burgundy.

Key trends include rising demand for sustainability and terroir-driven wines. According to the report, Piedmont (20%) leads in growth potential, followed by Champagne (17%), Burgundy (14%) and Tuscany (12%), while Bordeaux faces mixed prospects, with 27% of the respondents expecting further declines. Challenges like economic pressures and geopolitical uncertainties persist but continued strong fine wine demand signals resilience in the market.

Fine wine remains the most popular collectible celebrated for its diversification benefits, sustainability and stability through different market environments.

Stay tuned for our 2025 Wealth Report, which will examine wealth and investment managers’ views and sentiments towards fine wine early next year.

See also – WineCap Wealth Report 2024: UK Edition

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Mouton Rothschild: 2022 label and market performance

Mouton Rothschild 2022 wine bottle label
  • The 2022 Mouton Rothschild label has been revealed. 
  • Mouton Rothschild is the best performing First Growth over the last decade. 
  • The wine has also outperformed the Liv-ex 100 and Bordeaux 500 indices.

Unveiling the 2022 label

Bordeaux First Growth Château Mouton Rothschild revealed its 2022 label design on December 1st.  Created by French artist Gérard Garouste, the original artwork commemorates the 100th anniversary of Baron Philippe de Rothschild’s leadership at the family estate. 

The label showcases the château’s iconic front wall and a grapevine, elegantly framed by a portrait of Philippe de Rothschild and a ram, his signature emblem.

The tradition of artist-designed labels began in 1945, when Baron Philippe de Rothschild marked the end of World War II with a special artwork featuring a ‘V’ for victory, designed by Philippe Jullian.

As previously explored, this practice has significantly enhanced Mouton Rothschild’s collectability, and the wine’s value has typically risen in the month following the label reveal. 

Mouton Rothschild 2022 wine bottle label

Mouton Rothschild: ahead of the pack

While the artist designed labels alone are not the key drivers of Mouton Rothschild’s investment performance, the wine does lead the way among its peers. It is the best performing First Growth over the last decade. 

Mouton Rothschild prices have risen 50.3%, compared to 42.3% for Margaux and 36.9% for Haut-Brion. Both Lafite Rothschild and Latour have increased by close to 30% over the same period.

Bordeaux First Growths Wine chart

From the market’s low in June 2014 to its peak in September 2022, Mouton Rothschild recorded a 76% increase. It was the first First Growth to recover from the correction following the China-driven wine boom. 

During the recent market downturn, Mouton Rothschild has exhibited relative resilience. Prices have fallen 13.8% since its peak. Only Haut-Brion has seen a smaller decline of 13.1%. The biggest faller has been Lafite Rothschild, down 22.8% since September 2022. 

Mouton Rothschild and the broader market

Mouton Rothschild is also nicely positioned in the broader wine investment market. It has outperformed the industry benchmark, the Liv-ex 100 index, which is up 40.9% over ten years. It has also fared better than the Liv-ex 50 (17.5%), which tracks the price movements of the First Growths, and the broader Bordeaux 500 index (27.8%).

Mouton Rothschild performance

Mouton Rothschild has demonstrated consistent strength in the fine wine market, supported by its established history and strategic positioning. The estate’s practice of commissioning artist-designed labels has enhanced its collectability, strengthened by its reputation for quality.

The release of the 2022 label marks another milestone in the estate’s history. Mouton Rothschild’s performance, both in terms of relative resilience during market downturns and long-term growth, highlights its role as a reliable component in a well-diversified wine investment portfolio.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The best wine investment regions in 2024

Super Tuscan wine region Italy
  • Italy’s market performance has been the most resilient across all fine wine regions.
  • Burgundy prices have fallen the most in the last year. 
  • Champagne is showing consistent signs of recovery.  

The market downturn has affected all fine wine regions, arguably making it a great time to invest while prices are low. Today we take a deep dive into the performance of individual regions – identifying the most resilient markets, the best opportunities, and the regions offering the greatest value.

Italy: the most resilient market

Prices for Italian wine have fallen 4.1% in the past year – less than all other fine wine regions. By comparison, fine wine prices have fallen 11.6% on average, according to the Liv-ex 1000 index. 

Italy’s secondary market has been stimulated by high-scoring releases, like Sassicaia and Ornellaia 2021. Beyond the Super Tuscans, which are some of the most liquid wines, the country continues to offer diversity, stable performance and relative value. 

Some of the best-performing wine brands in the last year are Italian – all with an average price under £1,300 per 12×75, like Antinori Brunello di Montalcino Vigna Ferrovia Riserva (£1,267, +38%).

Other examples under £1,000 per case include Le Chiuse Brunello di Montalcino (+28%), Gaja Rossj-Bass (+27%), and Speri Amarone della Valpolicella Classico Monte Sant Urbano (+25%).

Regional wine indices chart

Burgundy takes a hit

Burgundy’s meteoric rise over the past two decades made it a beacon for collectors, but its steep growth left it vulnerable to corrections. In the past year, Burgundy prices have fallen 14.7%, making it the hardest-hit region. This downturn has released more stock into the market, creating opportunities for investors to access wines in a region often defined by scarcity and exclusivity.

Wines experiencing the largest declines include include Domaine Jacques Prieur Meursault Santenots Premier Cru (-41%), Domaine Arnoux-Lachaux Nuits-Saint-Georges (-35%), and Domaine Rene Engel Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru (-28%). For new entrants, these price drops offer a rare chance to acquire prestigious labels at relatively lower costs.

Champagne: on the road to recovery

Champagne has changed its trajectory over the last year: from a fast faller like Burgundy to more consistency and stability. While prices are down 10.6% on average, the dips over the last few months have been smaller than 0.6%. The index also rose in February and August this year, driven by steady demand. 

Some of the region’s most popular labels have become more accessible for buyers like Dom Perignon Rose (-14%), Philipponnat Clos des Goisses (-13%) and Krug Clos du Mesnil (-12%).

Meanwhile, the best performers have been Taittinger Brut Millesime (+29%) and Ruinart Dom Ruinart Blanc de Blancs (+28%), which has largely been driven by older vintages such as the 1995, 1996 and 1998.

The fine wine market in 2024 reflects a unique moment of transition. Italy’s resilience, Burgundy’s price corrections, and Champagne’s recovery illustrate a diverse set of opportunities for investors. With prices across the board at lower levels, this could be an ideal time to diversify portfolios with high-quality wines from these regions, anticipating long-term growth as the market stabilises.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.