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How long should you hold your wine investment?

Fine wine storage
  • Fine wine investment differs significantly from traditional markets because supply diminishes with time.
  • Holding periods determine whether an investor benefits from liquidity windows, maturity or scarcity premiums.
  • Investors should not expect uniform results across all wines or timeframes.

When it comes to fine wine investment, most discussions focus on the what: which wines, which vintages, which regions. Equally critical, but less often addressed, is the when: how long you hold your investment.

Holding periods can dramatically shape your returns, mitigate risks, and define your overall strategy. Unlike equities or bonds, fine wine is both a physical asset and a cultural commodity, with unique cycles of demand and consumption. Understanding how time interacts with these cycles is essential for building a resilient portfolio.

Why holding periods matter in wine investment

Fine wine investment differs from traditional markets in one key respect: supply diminishes over time. Bottles are uncorked and consumed, which means that scarcity increases naturally as years pass. At the same time, the wines themselves evolve in bottle, often improving in complexity and desirability. This dual dynamic of shrinking availability and increasing quality drives long-term price appreciation.

However, investors cannot expect uniform results across all wines or timeframes. Some wines appreciate rapidly within a few years, while others demand decades of patience. Holding periods determine whether an investor benefits from:

  • Liquidity windows – when supply and demand align to create strong secondary market interest.
  • Maturity premiums – when wines are at or approaching their drinking peak.
  • Scarcity premiums – when older vintages are nearly impossible to source.

Short-term wine investment holds (1–3 years): Potential high gains?

Short-term holding in fine wine is less common but not without opportunity. Investors might target wines with clear catalysts for appreciation in the near future:

  • Critical acclaim: A 100-point score from leading critics such as Robert Parker, Neal Martin, or Antonio Galloni can trigger immediate demand.
  • Market cycles and estate events: Certain vintages or regions may benefit from renewed attention during En Primeur campaigns or La Place de Bordeaux releases. Similarly, external factors such as a change of ownership, the passing of a renowned winemaker, or a significant new investment in the estate can act as a catalyst. These events often lead to brand repositioning and higher release prices for new vintages, which in turn push up the value of older vintages as buyers seek relative value.
  • Macro-drivers: Currency fluctuations, tariff shifts or geopolitical events can create short-term arbitrage opportunities.

That said, short-term holds may carry higher volatility. Transaction costs – storage, insurance, brokerage fees – also eat more heavily into returns when compounded over only a few years. As a result, short-term trading tends to suit sophisticated investors with high market awareness rather than long-term collectors.

Medium-term wine investment holds (5–10 years): The sweet spot?

The medium-term horizon is often considered the sweet spot for many wine investors. This is when:

  • Wines mature: Many Bordeaux, Burgundy, and Champagne houses see optimal secondary market demand when their wines are 5–10 years post-vintage. At this stage, they have begun to show character but remain relatively youthful, making them appealing to both collectors and drinkers.
  • Supply drops: The first wave of consumption removes weaker hands from the market, while professional storage ensures the surviving bottles command a premium.
  • Liquidity is strong: Buyers – both private and institutional – seek wines that are ready-to-drink but still have substantial cellaring potential.

This period allows investors to capture meaningful appreciation without committing to decades of illiquidity. For many, the medium-term strategy provides a balance of growth potential and portfolio flexibility.

Long-term wine investment holds (10–20+ years): Scarcity and compounding value?

For truly iconic wines, long-term holding unlocks the greatest rewards. Scarcity compounds dramatically after 15–20 years, and mature bottles often become the centrepiece of collectors’ cellars. Wines that especially benefit from this approach include:

  • First Growth Bordeaux: Château Lafite, Latour, and Margaux often reach their full secondary market potential decades after release.
  • Grand Cru Burgundy: Producers like Domaine de la Romanée-Conti or Armand Rousseau are prized for aged expressions, which are scarce even at release.
  • Prestige Champagne: Top cuvées such as Krug or Salon are often held back by maisons themselves, releasing older vintages at a premium.

The trade-off is clear: long-term holding requires patience, optimal storage, and careful insurance. Illiquidity can become an issue if capital is needed suddenly. However, for investors with a multi-decade outlook, these holds can deliver extraordinary compounding returns – often well outperforming traditional assets.

Factors that impact value over time

Not all wines follow the same trajectory. Determining how long to hold depends on a mix of factors:

  1. Region and style
    • Bordeaux and Napa Cabernet: typically longer arcs, rewarding 10–20+ years.
    • Burgundy Pinot Noir: often peaks earlier (7–15 years), though the best can go much longer.
    • Champagne: prestige cuvées benefit from extended ageing, while non-vintage wines are less suited to investment.
  2. Producer reputation
    Iconic names command steady demand across all stages, while lesser-known producers may see sharper peaks tied to critical acclaim.
  3. Vintage quality
    Strong vintages (e.g., Bordeaux 2000, Champagne 2008) often sustain demand longer, while weaker vintages may peak quickly.
  4. Critic scores and re-releases
    A re-rating or late-release program can extend or shift the ideal holding window.
  5. Market conditions
    Global economic health, currency exchange rates, and tariffs can all affect when it’s most profitable to sell.

Risks of mistimed holding

Holding periods are not without risk. Selling too early can mean missing out on peak premiums. Selling too late risks encountering diminishing returns as wines pass their drinking window. Additionally, improper storage can compromise value, no matter the holding period. There are also liquidity risks: Even top wines may face temporary illiquidity in weak markets.
This is why professional portfolio management and exit planning are critical in fine wine investment.

Practical guidance for wine investors

  1. Diversify holding periods: Mix short, medium, and long-term positions across your portfolio. This smooths out returns and provides liquidity when needed.
  2. Match horizon to goals: If you expect to need capital in five years, avoid exclusively long-term wines.
  3. Work with data: Tools like Wine Track can help identify optimal exit windows by tracking price curves and critic sentiment.
  4. Reassess regularly: Market conditions evolve. A wine planned for long-term holding may benefit from earlier exit if demand spikes unexpectedly.

In fine wine investment, holding periods are the mechanism by which wine transforms from a consumable product into an appreciating asset. Short-term traders may profit from timing and market-driven gains, medium-term investors enjoy liquidity and strong demand, and long-term holders benefit from scarcity-driven premiums.

The best approach often combines all three, balancing risk and opportunity across different time horizons. With the right strategy, time becomes your most powerful ally – quietly compounding value as the bottles rest in the cellar.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Top-performing fine wines of 2025 so far

Domaine Vieux Telegraphe
  • Several fine wine regions made gains over the last month, including Burgundy, California, and the Rhône.
  • ‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux wines have delivered the best returns so far in 2025. 
  • The spread between the top-performing fine wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline (around -4.7%) highlights why selection is key.

The fine wine market remains subdued in 2025, continuing the recalibration that began in late 2022. Yet even in a broadly negative environment, certain wines have surged ahead (see H1 winners), delivering double-digit gains and reaffirming that in fine wine investment, selectivity defines success.

Signs of stability emerge across key fine wine regions

After more than two years of correction, there are tentative signs of stabilisation. Several regional indices posted positive month-on-month (MoM) movements in September, hinting that momentum could be shifting beneath the surface.

The Liv-ex Burgundy 150, California 50, Rhône 100 and Rest of the World 60 indices each rose 0.6–0.7% month-on-month. These modest upticks may not yet signal a broad recovery, but they do suggest that the worst of the selling pressure may be easing.

Still, the year-to-date picture remains negative across the board:

Wine region performance

Even as indices remain in the red, the range of outcomes within them has widened, revealing a growing divergence between outperformers and laggards. A select few wines have posted strong gains – a reminder that even in downturns, opportunities persist.

The top-performing wines so far this year

Best performing wines 2025 table

‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux leads the way

Despite the Bordeaux 500 Index falling 7.2% year-to-date, four of the ten best-performing wines come from the region, proving that careful vintage and producer selection remain key.

Château Les Carmes Haut-Brion 2013 stands out as the year’s star, up 38.2%. The 2013 vintage, long dismissed due to challenging weather conditions, has found new appreciation as enthusiasts and investors rediscover its finesse.

Over the past decade, prices for the brand have risen 148%. The 2014 and 2017 vintages are other attractive ‘off’ vintage alternatives. 

Les Carmes Haut-Brion fine wine performance

Château Beychevelle 2013 follows a similar line. Once overlooked, its reputation in Asian markets and steady critic support have lifted prices 22.2% year-to-date. Likewise, Château Canon 2014 and Château Smith Haut Lafitte 2014 each gained over 13%, highlighting a broader off-vintage resurgence in the region.

These gains suggest that Bordeaux’s correction phase may be creating attractive entry points for investors willing to look beyond the obvious trophy years.

The Rhône: The value region continues to deliver

The Rhône 100 remains the best-performing regional index of 2025, down just 2.7% year-to-date, with a recent 0.6% month-on-month gain adding to its reputation as a steady performer.

The standout is Vieux Télégraphe La Crau Rouge, appearing twice in the top five for its 2020 (26.1%) and 2021 (18.3%) vintages. The wine’s longevity, critical consistency, and relative affordability have made it a favourite among both collectors and long-term investors.

Vieux Telegraph wine performance vs Liv-Ex

Meanwhile, Paul Jaboulet Aîné’s Hermitage La Chapelle 2014 climbed 15.3%, underscoring the growing investor appetite for Rhône’s great single-vineyard wines. With smaller yields and limited back-vintage supply, demand has begun to outpace availability – a sign that the Rhône’s ‘quiet outperformance’ may continue into 2026.

Burgundy and Sauternes: Scarcity reigns supreme

Though the Burgundy 150 Index remains 5.8% down so far this year, its top producers continue to enjoy demand driven by scarcity.

Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC) Grands Échezeaux Grand Cru 2021 rose 13.3%, proving once again that rarity trumps sentiment. Over the last decade, prices for the wine have risen on average 300%. 

Sauternes has also enjoyed a quiet renaissance so far this year, with Château Suduiraut 2016 making it into the top ten, with a 13% rise in value.  With prices still well below their historical highs, the sweet wines segment could offer contrarian upside heading into 2026.

California: Cult wines stay strong

Although the California 50 index is down 5.6% year-to-date, the 0.7% rise last month hints at price recovery. This year, despite softer global sentiment, high-end Napa continues to attract attention domestically and abroad (from Asia in particular). 

The region’s top label, Screaming Eagle Cabernet Sauvignon 2012, has advanced 12.4% year-to-date.  

As previously noted, Screaming Eagle remains the top traded US wine by value. With six perfect 100-point scores in just 13 vintages, it sits in a league of its own among American wines. Prices for the brand have risen more than 200% in the last 20 years, making it one of the most lucrative long-term holds in the fine wine market.

Divergence defines 2025

The spread between the top-performing wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline (around -4.7%) reveals just how uneven performance has become.

Wines that combine scarcity, maturity, and reputation have emerged as the safest harbours, while those driven by hype or youth have seen steeper declines. Investors who focused on undervalued vintages (2013, 2014), critically reliable producers and globally recognised names (DRC, Screaming Eagle) have fared significantly better than the market at large.

Looking ahead: A market finding its floor

With multiple indices turning slightly positive month-on-month, the fine wine market may be approaching an inflexion point. The next phase of the cycle could favour those already positioned in high-quality, limited-production wines that have held steady during the downturn.

As 2025 enters its final stretch, it has become even clearer that scarcity, selectivity, and substance continue to outperform broader market sentiment.

For more on the fine wine market, read our Q3 2025 Fine Wine Report. 

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Q3 2025 Fine Wine Report

Q3 2025 Fine Wine Report

In our Q3 summary of the fine wine market we look at how the global economic landscape is shaping investment strategies, the road to recovery in fine wine, and the best-performing regions and wines so far this year. Read on for more on Lafleur’s recent classification withdrawal, the autumn La Place de Bordeaux campaign, and other industry-defining trends.

Executive summary

  • Market backdrop strengthens: Global equities advanced in Q3 amid optimism for gradual rate cuts and corporate earnings. Improving sentiment and policy clarity provided a firmer foundation for alternative assets, including fine wine.
  • Fine wine stabilises: After two years of correction, the fine wine market showed early signs of recovery. The Liv-ex 100 posted its first quarterly gain since the downturn began.
  • Regional divergence narrows: Champagne, Rhône, and Italy led the quarter, while Bordeaux and Burgundy also showed improvements; evidence of a maturing market phase approaching equilibrium.
  • Selectivity drives returns: The best performing wines came from overlooked vintages, particularly Bordeaux 2013/2014, alongside Rhône’s consistent value names and global icons such as DRC and Screaming Eagle.
  • La Place campaign underwhelms: The autumn La Place de Bordeaux campaign failed to shift market momentum. Demand remained subdued as release prices offered limited value versus back vintages in most cases.
  • News – Lafleur withdraws from Pomerol AOC: In a significant development, Château Lafleur announced its withdrawal from the Pomerol AOC, citing the need for greater viticultural flexibility in response to climate change. We explore how this might affect its market performance.

The trends that shaped the fine wine market

Market optimism sets the stage for fine wine stability

Global markets rallied through Q3 2025, driven by renewed optimism over growth and the prospect of gradual rate cuts, even as inflation proved sticky. US equities extended record highs, powered by strong earnings and ongoing enthusiasm for AI-related sectors, while Europe delivered mixed results amid weak German data but resilience in France and the UK. Gold surged as investors sought safety from lingering geopolitical tensions and trade uncertainties linked to US tariff policy. Bond markets posted modest gains as central banks maintained a cautious stance. Overall, investor sentiment steadied following a turbulent first half, with risk appetite supported by policy optimism and improving economic data, creating a firmer backdrop for alternative assets, such as fine wine, heading into Q4.

Fine wine market starts to turn

Signs of stability continued to build across the fine wine market in Q3, reinforcing the gradual improvement noted in our Q2 Fine Wine Report. After two years of consistent decline, several regional indices turned positive over the quarter. Five of the Liv-ex regional indices rose in August and September, and for the first time in three years, the Liv-ex 50, which tracks the prices of the Bordeaux First Growths, experienced monthly growth.

Broader market measures also improved. The Liv-ex 100 rose 1.1% in September, and the bid:offer ratio – a key gauge of demand relative to supply – reached 0.70, its highest level since April 2023. This sustained rise suggests buyers are gradually re-entering the market, drawn by attractive pricing and renewed confidence following a prolonged correction. While it is too early to call a full recovery, these movements point to a maturing phase of the downturn where value-seeking activity replaces reactive selling. 

La Place autumn campaign fails to shift momentum

A key event of the third quarter every year is the La Place de Bordeaux autumn campaign, which saw the release of over 130 wines from around the globe in September. However, in 2025, the campaign did little to shift momentum. New releases that did not offer value in the context of back vintages available in the market largely fell short, and demand was tepid even for the traditionally most sought-after labels like Opus One, Masseto, Ornellaia, Solaia and Penfolds. Tariff uncertainty, oversupply and general market cautiousness were a structural drag. Unless prices and allocation discipline improve, the campaign is likely to continue to alienate buyers.

Mainstream markets lead Q3; fine wine re-emerges

Global equities posted solid gains in Q3, buoyed by growing optimism around prospective interest-rate cuts and resilient corporate earnings. While mainstream markets outpaced most alternatives, select segments of the alternative asset universe – particularly private credit and real assets – showed signs of resilience. Fine wine also staged a modest recovery.

The Liv-ex 100 Index, which tracks the performance of the most sought-after investment-grade wines, recorded its first quarterly gain since the market downturn began, rising 0.4% over the quarter. Losses in July and August were offset by a 1.1% rebound in September, signalling renewed confidence. The broader Liv-ex 1000 Index slipped 0.5% over Q3, though it, too, recovered 0.4% in September, suggesting stabilisation across a wider basket of fine wines.

Meanwhile, the First Growths Index – a barometer for Bordeaux’s top estates – rose 0.7% in September but remained 0.7% lower for the quarter overall, reflecting the uneven pace of recovery across regions and price tiers. Nonetheless, after several quarters of decline, Q3 marked a turning point where fine wine once again began to move in step with the broader risk-on sentiment seen in global markets.

Fine wine vs mainstream markets

Regional fine wine performance in Q3

Regional fine wine indices displayed a mixed picture in Q3, but the pace of decline eased, and several categories began to rise. The Liv-ex 1000 ended the quarter 0.6% lower, yet September brought a broad uptick across most regions – an encouraging sign after months of subdued activity.

Champagne held its ground best, maintaining near-flat performance over the quarter and retaining its position as one of the most resilient categories in 2025. The region benefited from increased demand from Asia and the US. The Rhone 100 also improved modestly, ending Q3 just above its Q2 level as buyers continued to favour regions offering relative value.

Italy (0.4%) and the Rest of the World 60 (0.3%) both saw small gains in Q3, hinting at early signs of renewed confidence beyond the traditional strongholds of Bordeaux and Burgundy, which fell in Q3.

Regional fine wine performance 2025

The Bordeaux 500 declined 1.7%, while the Bordeaux Legends 40 dipped just 0.6%, as mature Bordeaux continued to attract active buyers. However, of the six Bordeaux sub-indices, three went up in September – those measuring the performance of the First Growths, their Second Wines, and the top 100 wines from the Right Bank. Burgundy prices softened slightly, down 0.2%, but its top wines remained among the most robust performers since the 2022 peak.

The combination of improving sentiment, selective buying, and greater market stability suggests that regional fine wine prices may be nearing their floor, setting the stage for a more balanced close to 2025.

The best performing wines so far in 2025

Even in a broadly subdued market, 2025 has shown that fine wine remains a story of selectivity and scarcity. A handful of standout wines have delivered strong double-digit returns, proving that, even during correction phases, the right names and vintages can outperform significantly.

The spread between the top-performing fine wines (+18% on average) and the Liv-ex 1000’s broad decline year-to-date (around -4.7%) highlights exactly why selection is paramount.

Best performing wines 2025 table

Three key themes stand out among the top-performing wines in 2025 year-to-date:

  • ‘Off’ vintage Bordeaux is back in vogue

Wines from cooler or once-overlooked vintages – such as Bordeaux 2013 and 2014 – have led the pack. Collectors appear increasingly willing to reward finesse, drinkability, and scarcity over hype, with Château Les Carmes Haut-Brion (+38.2%) and Château Beychevelle (+22.2%) exemplifying this trend.

 

  • The Rhône’s value overdelivers

Rhône wines continued to prove their value credentials. Vieux Télégraphe’s 2020 and 2021 vintages and Jaboulet’s La Chapelle 2014 all posted impressive gains, driven by limited production, consistent critical endorsement, and comparatively attractive pricing.

 

  • Scarcity runs the market

At the very top end, scarcity remains the strongest currency. Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, and Screaming Eagle demonstrated that rare, blue-chip wines continue to attract capital regardless of broader sentiment.

 

Investors focusing on authenticity, producer pedigree, and under-appreciated vintages have outperformed the broader market, suggesting that quality and insight remain the keys to long-term success.

Q3 releases: Spotlight on Taittinger Comtes de Champagne 2014

Champagne has proven one of the most resilient categories in 2025, with the Champagne 50 Index outperforming most regional peers in Q3 (up 0.3%). The region is also enjoying renewed global demand as buyers take advantage of the attractive price levels post its 2022 peak. Within this steadying landscape, Champagne house Taittinger released the 2014 vintage of its Comtes de Champagne.

Awarded 97 points by both Yohan Castaing (The Wine Advocate) and Antonio Galloni (Vinous), it ranks among the highest-rated Comtes vintages ever – and Galloni notably compared it to the legendary 2008, which trades at a nearly 40% premium.

The 2014 release also carries historical significance. As the last truly cool-climate vintage in Champagne, it represents a stylistic milestone unlikely to be replicated amid the region’s ongoing warming trend – a factor that enhances its long-term collectability.

From an investment perspective, Comtes has been a quiet outperformer. The Taittinger Comtes de Champagne index has risen steadily over the past decade, outpacing both Dom Pérignon and Louis Roederer Cristal during the bull market of 2020–2023, and showing notable price stability throughout 2025.

‘Taittinger consistently stands out as one of the best values among top-tier Champagnes, frequently outperforming many other Grand Marques tête-de-cuvée offerings.’
 – Yohan Castaing, The Wine Advocate

Taittinger Champagne index

Market snapshot

  • 2014 Release price: £1,190 per 12×75
  • Critic scores: 97 points (Vinous, The Wine Advocate)
  • Ranking: 62nd in the 2024 Liv-ex Power 100 (up nine places year-on-year)

With exceptional critic consensus, proven secondary market demand, and a price point that remains competitive, the 2014 Taittinger Comtes de Champagne exemplifies why the region continues to attract buyers, whether for enjoyment or investment. 

Q3 Fine wine news: Lafleur withdraws from Pomerol AOC

In August, Château Lafleur confirmed that from the 2025 vintage onward, its wines will no longer carry the Pomerol AOC designation, instead being labeled Vin de France. The decision extends across the Guinaudeau family’s portfolio, including Les Pensées, Les Perrières, and Grand Village.

The estate cited the need for greater viticultural flexibility in the face of accelerating climate change. In correspondence with trade partners, the Guinaudeau family wrote: ‘Climate is changing fast and hard… We must think, readapt, act.’ 

The withdrawal allows Lafleur to implement adaptive farming methods not currently authorised under the appellation’s 1936 regulations, such as controlled irrigation, soil covering to reduce evaporation, canopy shading, and adjusted planting density. 

Lafleur’s independence enables it to act without the procedural delays that constrain larger or corporate-owned estates. The move is consistent with its reputation for long-term thinking and precision farming, aligning vineyard practice more closely with environmental reality.

Market context

Historically, classification changes in Bordeaux have affected perception and pricing. The 2012 promotions of Pavie and Angélus within Saint-Émilion’s hierarchy, for instance, coincided with rapid market repricing, even though the wines themselves did not change. Lafleur’s withdrawal represents the opposite: the relinquishment of an appellation name rather than an elevation within it.

Pavie vs angelus wine performance

In the short term, pricing impact is likely to be neutral, as Lafleur’s identity and market position are defined by brand equity rather than by appellation. The château’s production is limited, its critical reputation exceptional, and its collector base highly stable. Over time, however, label differentiation could influence liquidity and buyer psychology, particularly between the final ‘Pomerol’ labelled vintages and the inaugural ‘Vin de France’ release, both of which may acquire added significance in secondary trading.

Performance and relative strength

Over the past decade, Lafleur’s secondary market performance has outpaced that of both the First Growths and its Right Bank peers, Pavie and Angélus. Despite the broader Bordeaux market correction since 2022, Lafleur has retained a significant premium, perhaps reflecting scarcity and confidence in the Guinaudeau family’s brand.

Lafleur fine wine performance

Should the transition to ‘Vin de France’ labelling prove commercially seamless, the move could even enhance Lafleur’s individuality, reinforcing its cult status as a technically driven, terroir-first estate. 

All in all, Lafleur’s withdrawal prompts a broader structural question for Bordeaux: how the appellation system adapts to climate change through balancing regional reputation with innovation arising from global-warming challenges. For Lafleur, the decision appears evolutionary rather than disruptive, designed to preserve vineyard resilience and wine quality in a shifting climate.

If Lafleur’s performance continues to mirror its past decade – where brand identity outweighed classification – this change may ultimately serve to strengthen, rather than dilute, its market position.

Q3 summary and a look ahead to Q4

The third quarter of 2025 marked a transition phase for the fine wine market. With mainstream assets recovering and investor sentiment stabilising, fine wine has begun to re-establish its footing after a protracted two-year downturn. Indicators such as the rising bid:offer ratio and renewed regional resilience point toward a more balanced market environment heading into Q4. Price declines have largely moderated, and value-seeking capital is returning, particularly to regions offering long-term quality at attractive entry points.

Looking ahead, the key drivers of performance will continue to be scarcity, selectivity, and producer reputation. Top estates with disciplined production, strong brand equity, and adaptability are well-positioned to outperform as the market moves toward recovery. As Q3 showed, the correction appears to have reached maturity; the next phase is likely to be characterised by gradual re-pricing, focused accumulation, and renewed confidence in fine wine as a stable, long-term asset.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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The tax benefits of fine wine investment

Fine wine bottles

All you need to know about fine wine investment and tax: Why 80% of wealth managers expect demand to rise?

  • Fine wine investment offers significant tax benefits.
  • 80% of UK wealth managers believe demand for fine wine will rise due to its Capital Gains Tax exemption.
  • Fine wine is also a suitable asset for lifetime gifting.

Fine wine has always held allure – whether for its rich history and cultural value, collectability, or as a tangible luxury asset. But in today’s financial landscape, its unique tax status in the UK is also becoming a key driver of demand.

Under HMRC taxation rules, most fine wines are classed as “wasting assets” – physical goods with a useful life of under 50 years – making them exempt from Capital Gains Tax (CGT). At a time when tax-free allowances are shrinking and effective rates are rising, this treatment is increasingly attractive.

According to the primary research conducted for our WineCap Wealth Report 2025, 80% of wealth managers believe demand for fine wine will rise, specifically due to its CGT exemption. Beyond portfolio diversification and inflation-resistance, fine wine offers a compelling investment case owing to its tax efficiency. 

CGT tax pie chart

Why taxation matters in fine wine investment

When building a wine portfolio, most investors focus on selecting the right producers, vintages, and entry points. Yet, tax treatment can be just as important in shaping overall returns. Unlike stocks and bonds, fine wine occupies a nuanced space in UK tax law as both a chattel and a wasting asset.

By understanding these rules, investors can:

  • Shield profits from unnecessary tax erosion.
  • Structure transactions more strategically.
  • Plan inheritance and succession more effectively.
  • Reduce the risk of HMRC challenges.

CGT and fine wine

One of the most common questions investors ask is: “Do I pay Capital Gains Tax on fine wine?”

The General Rule

Most fine wine sales do not attract CGT, setting wine apart from property, art, or stocks. However, key exemptions and thresholds apply:

Wasting Asset exemption

  • Wines with a useful life under 50 years are classed as wasting assets and are generally CGT-exempt.
  • HMRC may challenge this in cases involving fortified wines or rare bottles intended for very long-term storage.
  • Best practice: Retain expert evidence at purchase to support expected lifespan.

Chattels exemption

  • Applies where a single bottle or set is sold for under £3,000.
  • If profits from a non-wasting asset (e.g., certain collectible bottles) do not exceed £3,000, CGT will not apply.
  • Where a “set” of bottles is sold to one buyer (e.g., a full case commanding a premium), the £3,000 limit applies to the total transaction, not each bottle.

Current allowances and rates

  • Annual CGT allowance: £3,000 (individuals) / £1,500 (trusts).
  • Gains above allowances taxed at: 18% (basic rate), 24% (higher rate).

Income Tax and fine wine

For most investors, Income Tax is not a concern. However, frequent trading could blur the line between investing and business activity.

  • If HMRC deems an individual a ‘trader’, profits may be taxed as income (up to 45%).
  • Occasional investors are safe, but high-volume sellers should seek specialist advice.

Inheritance Tax (IHT) and gifting

Unlike CGT, fine wine offers no special IHT reliefs. Upon death, portfolios are valued at market price and added to the estate:

  • IHT rate: 40% on estate value above £325,000 (nil-rate band).
  • Potentially higher thresholds: up to £500,000 if leaving a home to direct descendants, or £1 million for married couples/civil partners, depending on eligibility.

Fine wine, however, can be well-suited to lifetime gifting strategies – particularly where gifts qualify under Wasting Asset or Chattels Exemptions. As with all tax-sensitive decisions, individual advice is essential.

Best practices for tax-efficient fine wine investment

To optimise returns and reduce risk, investors should:

  • Keep meticulous records: purchase dates, prices, provenance, storage, lifespan assessments.
  • Support claims with expert evidence: especially for lifespan-based exemptions.
  • Seek independent tax advice: rules vary, and personal circumstances matter.
  • Plan long-term: consider inheritance and succession early.
  • Work with specialists: firms like WineCap provide research, portfolio monitoring, and guidance aligned with tax efficiency.

Investor sentiment: Beyond tax efficiency

While tax advantages are increasingly influential, they are not the sole driver. According to WineCap Wealth Report 2025, sustainability (60%), stability (50%), and tax efficiency (42%) are among the strongest forces shaping fine wine demand.

Fine wine demand

This blend of financial resilience, cultural heritage, and tax efficiency makes fine wine a unique and attractive addition to diversified portfolios.

While UK tax rules provide significant advantages – especially via CGT exemptions – structuring portfolios correctly and planning for inheritance remain essential. By combining careful portfolio building with tax-aware strategies, investors can unlock fine wine’s full potential as a stable, inflation-resistant, and tax-efficient asset class.

At WineCap, we offer the insights and expertise to help investors navigate both the markets and the tax landscape with confidence.

Read our up-to-date Fine Wine Taxation Guide.

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Bordeaux Rising Stars: Has investment paid off?

Chateau Rauzan Segla estate
  • Bordeaux’s rising stars have outperformed the wider market, with prices rising faster than the broader Bordeaux indices.
  • Targeted investment and stylistic shifts have transformed estates like Rauzan-Ségla, Beau-Séjour Bécot, and Pichon Comtesse into modern benchmarks.
  • Critical acclaim has surged, with 95–100 point scores cementing their reputation.

Defining a ‘rising star’

Bordeaux is a region where history runs deep, but tradition does not always guarantee progress. Over the last decade, a handful of estates have managed to transcend their classifications and reputations through bold investment and stylistic reinvention. At WineCap, we define a rising star as a château that:

  • Commits capital to long-term improvement – from vineyard mapping and replanting to new cellars and eco-conscious viticulture.
  • Delivers a clear stylistic shift – moving toward balance, finesse, and terroir transparency.
  • Achieves consistent critical acclaim – with 95-100 point scores becoming the standard.
  • Outperforms the broader market – delivering secondary market returns ahead of the broader Bordeaux indices.

These factors create estates that not only excite drinkers but also offer compelling opportunities for collectors and investors.

Bordeaux Fine Wine performance

Rauzan-Ségla (Margaux, 2ème Cru Classé)

The transformation: Rauzan-Ségla has benefitted from Chanel’s ownership since the 1990s, but the past ten years have marked a decisive leap forward. Under winemaker Nicolas Audebert, the estate has embraced intra-parcel vinification, gentler extraction, and more sustainable vineyard practices. These refinements have elevated Rauzan-Ségla from ‘solid Second Growth’ status to a Margaux benchmark.

Critical acclaim: Since 2015, Rauzan-Ségla has routinely scored in the 95-98 point range from Wine Advocate, Vinous, and Jane Anson. The 2018 and 2020 vintages are considered modern icons.

Market performance: As the chart illustrates, critic scores have risen progressively and significantly. Still trading at a discount to First Growth Margaux, Rauzan-Ségla represents both relative value and rising prestige.

Chateau Rauzan Segla wine performance

Troplong Mondot (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: Troplong Mondot was once synonymous with high-octane, heavily extracted Saint-Émilion. The 2017 ownership change brought in Aymeric de Gironde (ex-Cos d’Estournel MD), who executed a dramatic stylistic shift: earlier harvests, lighter extraction, larger oak formats, and lower alcohol levels. The result is fresher, more terroir-driven wines.

Critical acclaim: William Kelley (Wine Advocate) called the changes a ‘wholesale stylistic revolution’. From 2018 onwards, scores have remained in the 95–97+ range, showing critics’ approval of the new direction.

Market performance: The market has embraced the transformation. Prices for Troplong Mondot have outpaced the broader Saint-Émilion index, rewarding early believers in the estate’s rebirth.

Chateau Troplong Mondot wine performance

Beau-Séjour Bécot (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: A generational change in 2017, with Juliette and Pierre Bécot taking over Beau-Séjour Bécot, brought a new vision. The appointment of consultant Thomas Duclos in 2018 marked a stylistic reset: higher Cabernet Franc usage, limestone expression, and precision over power. Parcel-by-parcel vinification and lower new oak usage have further refined the profile.

Critical acclaim: Antonio Galloni (Vinous) awarded the 2022 vintage a perfect 100 points, calling it ‘a benchmark wine’. Last year, he ranked it among the ‘most improved’ estates in Bordeaux, noting that ‘Juliette Bécot and Julien Barthe have raised the bar here meaningfully over the last handful of years’. William Kelley (Wine Advocate) has praised the château’s run of form since 2018, consistently awarding 95–98 points. Jane Anson describes Beau-Séjour Bécot as ‘one of the Right Bank’s most exciting transformations’.

Market performance: The correlation between rising scores and rising prices is clear. Once overlooked in Saint-Émilion, Beau-Séjour Bécot is now in the same conversation as Canon and Figeac, while still offering relative value.

Beau-Sejour Becot wine performance

Beauséjour Duffau-Lagarrosse (Saint-Émilion, Premier Grand Cru Classé B)

The transformation: Known for its legendary 1990 vintage, Beauséjour struggled with consistency until a new era began. In 2021, ownership passed to Joséphine Duffau-Lagarrosse and the Clarins family, ushering in major investment and a vision for precision-driven winemaking. A new winery project is underway, and viticultural improvements have already shown results.

Critical acclaim: Recent vintages have gained strong momentum, with the 2022 praised by Wine Advocate as a turning point. Jane Anson has written about the estate’s ‘rebirth’, noting how the new regime is restoring its rightful status among Saint-Émilion’s elite.

Market performance: Anticipation of quality improvements has translated into rising secondary market demand. Prices, once stagnant, now track sharply upward, reflecting buyer confidence in the new ownership.

Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande (Pauillac, 2ème Cru Classé)

The transformation: Under Nicolas Glumineau since 2012, Pichon Comtesse has become the textbook definition of a rising star. Investment in geological surveys, vineyard restructuring, and higher Cabernet Sauvignon content has redefined the wine’s character: elegant, structured, and deeply Pauillac.

Critical acclaim: The 2016 vintage earned multiple 100-point scores, confirming Pichon Comtesse as a ‘Super Second’ capable of challenging First Growths. Recent vintages (2019, 2020, 2022) have sustained that trajectory, with critics routinely scoring in the 97-99 range.

Market performance: Prices have risen in lockstep with quality. Today, Pichon Comtesse trades at levels that rival the First Growths, a clear signal of market recognition.

Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

Rising stars in the broader Bordeaux market

Wine Track data shows a clear trend: Bordeaux rising stars have not only achieved higher critic scores, they have also outperformed the wider Bordeaux market in price growth over the past 10 years. Investors who identified these estates early have benefited from both quality recognition and rising demand.

While Bordeaux’s classification system is famously rigid, the market rewards progress. The stories of Rauzan-Ségla, Beau-Séjour Bécot, Beauséjour Duffau-Lagarrosse, Pichon Comtesse, and Troplong Mondot prove that the Bordeaux hierarchy is not fixed. Strategic investment and stylistic courage can turn once-overlooked châteaux into modern icons.

Estates that invest in vineyards, rethink style, and deliver critically acclaimed wines are being re-rated by both critics and investors. In turn, investors who make informed decisions could benefit from the brands’ improved quality and growing reputation.

Looking for more? Read our Bordeaux Regional Report.

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The 2025 guide to investing in alternative assets

Fine wine investing

Alternative assets are investments outside traditional stocks and bonds. These can range from property, private credit and venture to collectibles such as fine wine, art, watches and classic cars. In 2025, fine wine stands out for its low correlation with equities, global demand, finite supply, strong brands, and the ability to build diversified portfolios from blue-chip regions such as Bordeaux, Burgundy, Tuscany, Piedmont, and Champagne. Success comes from rigorous selection, professional storage, long investment horizons (5-10+ years), and data-driven decision making.

What are alternative assets – and why they matter in 2025

Alternative assets cover three broad categories:

  • Collectibles: fine wine, whisky, art, classic cars, watches, rare coins.
  • Private markets: private equity & credit, venture capital, real estate, infrastructure.
  • Hedge strategies: market-neutral, macro, commodities, and other absolute-return approaches.

The Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst Association (CAIA) frames “alternatives” by their limited liquidity, pricing opacity, and non-traditional risk/return drivers compared with public markets.

Why diversification with alternative assets matters

Many alternatives move differently from listed equities and bonds, which means they can dampen portfolio swings when traditional markets are volatile.

Fine wine is a strong example. Studies have shown it has low – and sometimes negative – correlation with equity markets, improving portfolio efficiency when included alongside traditional assets. In 2025, demand for fine wine has risen by 16% due to its independence from mainstream financial markets. Notably, 34% of UK wealth managers now cite wine’s self-contained nature as a key factor in its resilience during periods of market volatility, up from 30% in 2024.

Fine wine performance statistics

Hedge funds aim for the same goal: delivering returns that aren’t tied too closely to market cycles. In 2024-25, hedge fund results have varied across strategies, but overall performance has improved, highlighting their role as diversifiers rather than trackers of stock indices.

Alternative assets and inflation

One of the strongest advantages of alternative assets is their ability to preserve purchasing power when inflation erodes the value of money. Unlike fixed-income instruments, where interest payments may lag rising prices, many alternatives are underpinned by tangible scarcity and global demand, which supports value through inflationary cycles.

  • Private real assets such as infrastructure and opportunistic real estate have historically passed on rising costs more effectively than their listed counterparts, offering stronger inflation protection.
  • Collectibles benefit from their finite nature. The OIV reported 2024 global wine production at a near 60-year low, underlining how supply limits create pricing power. Fine wine is particularly resilient here: each bottle consumed makes the remaining stock rarer, while global demand ensures international relevance. Over time, well-stored vintages not only hold their value but often appreciate at a pace that outstrips inflation, similar to how gold is viewed as a store of value.
  • Art and luxury goods also serve as currency diversifiers. While the global art market saw values contract by 12% in 2024, activity levels remained robust, showing continued demand for tangible assets that trade across currencies and borders.

In effect, alternatives hedge inflation in ways traditional portfolios cannot. By anchoring value in scarcity, durability, and global liquidity, they help investors preserve real wealth.

Why timing and selection are important

Alternative assets do not present a uniform return stream, and fine wine illustrates this better than most. Outcomes differ dramatically depending on region, producer, vintage, and even release timing. Burgundy, for instance, can respond to very different dynamics than Bordeaux, while Champagne and Tuscany follow their own cycles. Within each region, a benchmark producer may hold value through downturns while lesser names fade.

Even within a single estate, the vintage effect is powerful: the release prices and the performance of First Growth Bordeaux shows a wide gap between celebrated vintages like 2000 or 2009 and those considered ‘off’ years. Variables like provenance and storage, widen the gap further. 

Just as in private equity or hedge funds, where manager selection drives returns, in the fine wine market, knowledge and timing are decisive. 

How liquid are alternative assets?

Liquidity in alternative assets differs from mainstream markets. Public equities and bonds trade daily on exchanges with instant settlement. By contrast, most alternatives – whether private funds or fine wine – take longer to change hands. A sale depends on finding a buyer, agreeing on price, and, in some cases, waiting for a trading window.

This slower pace can be advantageous. Investors willing to commit capital for longer are often rewarded with an extra return for patience. In fine wine, the best opportunities often come from holding rare vintages through periods of scarcity, then releasing them to market when demand peaks.

Access, however, is improving. Just as private credit has grown through evergreen and interval funds, fine wine platforms now make trading more efficient and transparent. Still, liquidity remains uneven: blue-chip Bordeaux or Burgundy may find a ready market, while niche producers or lesser vintages can take longer to sell.

The role of fine wine in 2025

Among alternative assets, fine wine stands out. In 2025, for the third year in a row, it came on top as the most in-demand collectible among financial advisors and wealth managers in both the UK and US. Fine wine is a viable alternative investment avenue for the following reasons: 

  • Scarcity meets demand: Production is both finite and shrinking, while rising global wealth continues to fuel steady demand.
  • Global and brand-driven: Iconic names such as Lafite Rothschild, DRC, and Salon are recognised worldwide and have a track record of delivering consistent value.
  • Diversifiable: Unlike art or cars, fine wine offers broad exposure across regions, producers, and vintages. With hundreds or thousands of cases produced each year, valuations are more transparent and portfolios easier to build.
  • Historically resilient: Fine wine has shown stability in market downturns and attractive long-term returns. Investors can track the performance of individual labels – or entire portfolios – directly through Wine Track.

In 2025, alternatives are no longer niche: they are central to how sophisticated investors diversify, preserve wealth, and seek differentiated returns. Fine wine brings together the key qualities that define successful alternatives: tangible scarcity, global demand, and return dispersion that rewards knowledge and timing.

Fine wine investment FAQs

Is fine wine a good hedge against inflation?
It can help preserve purchasing power over multi-year horizons due to finite supply and global demand, but outcomes vary. Diversify and keep realistic horizons.

How much do I need to start?
You can build a credible, diversified starter portfolio with a five-figure GBP budget; larger allocations allow more breadth and depth.

How long should I invest for?
Plan for 5-10+ years to capture ageing-related scarcity and demand. Tactical positions may realise sooner.

Where should I store wine?
In bonded, climate-controlled facilities with full insurance and documented chain of custody.

What returns should I expect?
Returns are not guaranteed. Focus on selection quality, costs, and disciplined process.

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La Place 2025: Key fine wine releases beyond Bordeaux

Masseto fine wine vineyard
  • The La Place 2025 campaign has continued its expansion with more than 130 wines offered via the historic network.
  • As the campaign unfolds against a backdrop of economic uncertainty, some estates have paused their involvement while others see it as an even more necessary tool to secure sales.
  • We analyse the value and investment potential of some of the most important La Place releases.

The La Place 2025 campaign has continued its expansion with more than 130 wines offered via the historic network.

Firstly, what is La Place? Traditionally, La Place de Bordeaux (as it is called in full) was the centuries-old distribution system through which Bordeaux châteaux released their wines to international merchants. Over the past two decades, it has transformed into a global platform, with leading estates from Tuscany, California, Chile, and beyond joining to tap into its worldwide reach. For investors, La Place matters because it provides access to many of the world’s most sought-after wines at the moment of release – making it a barometer for both pricing trends and collector demand.

As the campaign unfolds against a backdrop of economic uncertainty, some estates have paused their involvement while others see it as an even more necessary tool to secure sales. We analyse the value and investment potential of some of the most important La Place releases.

La Place in 2025: what has changed

This year’s campaign unfolds against a backdrop of economic uncertainty, with the fine wine market still in the grip of a downturn that began in late 2022. Lower release prices have become more of an expectation, with the need to adapt to softer demand more noticeable than ever. Some estates have chosen to step back, pausing their La Place involvement for now, while others have come to view the system as key to securing global recognition and distribution. 

What remains unchanged is the underlying pull of La Place: demand among producers to gain access to this international sales platform continues to grow, ensuring a steady stream of new entrants even as others bow out.

Departures and pauses

Not every name is present this year. Montes Muse, Destiny Bay, and Bibi Graetz’s ultra-limited Balocchi are no longer part of the roster. Certain wines are absent due to production constraints rather than strategy: Penfolds Bin 169 was not made in 2023, while Cloudburst skipped its 2022 Malbec. Within Bibi Graetz’s portfolio, the white Testamatta and Colore were made in such small volumes that they will not be offered via La Place.

Shifting timelines

Another notable trend is the shift in release windows. Several well-known estates have moved from September to March releases, including Hermitage La Chapelle, Napa’s Favia, Chile’s Viñedo Chadwick, and Jackson Family Wines’ Cardinale. This rescheduling might help reduce bottlenecks during the crowded September calendar.

New arrivals

Despite some exits, the list of debutants reinforces La Place’s increasingly diverse profile. New highlights include:

  • Argentina (Mendoza): Zuccardi’s El Camino de las Flores
  • Australia (Clare Valley): Jim Barry Florita
  • Australia (Tasmania): Arras Grand Vintage
  • France (Loire): Vincent Delaporte (Sancerre), Domaine Luneau Papin (Muscadet), Laurent Lebrun (Pouilly-Fumé), Sébastien Brunet (Vouvray)
  • Spain (Ribeira Sacra): Cornamús (F. Algueira)
  • USA (California): Flowers (Pinot Noir & Chardonnay)

Most in-demand La Place releases

Some La Place releases command attention year after year. These include the Super Tuscans, California’s cult labels, and Bordeaux/New World collaborations such as Seña and Almaviva. But where do their latest vintage releases sit in the current market and the overall brand performance?

Masseto

Masseto was the first Italian wine to join La Place de Bordeaux back in 2009, offering its 2006 vintage through the international distribution system. It was also the first wine with no specific Bordeaux ties to join the platform, paving the way for other fine wines from around the world.

Earlier this month saw the release of its latest 2022 vintage at £6,140 per 12×75, down 1% on last year. The wine achieved 95 points from Antonio Galloni (Vinous) – his lowest score since the 2014. Still, he described it as ‘elegant and polished’ and ‘super refined’.

When it comes to value for money, the 100-point 2021 vintage makes a better buy. The lower-priced but higher-scored 2018 and 2017 vintages also offer better value. All of these vintages sit below the average brand price of £7,812 per case. Notably, our Masseto index has risen 67% over the past decade. 

Masseto fine wine prices

Solaia

Another notable Super Tuscan follows a similar trajectory. Solaia 2022 was released at £3,300 per 12×75, flat on the 2021, which has since fallen in value. Comparing critic scores for the two weighs in favour of last year’s release, which earned 100 points from Galloni. The lower-priced 2018 Solaia also looks more attractive.

Over the past decade, our Solaia index has risen an impressive 113%. Even with the current market downturn, Solaia values have held relatively steady – up 3% in the last six months. 

Solaia fine wine prices

Opus One 

Moving past the Super Tuscans, the 2022 vintage of the USA’s most popular wine, Opus One, was released earlier this month at £2,820 per 12×75. The wine received 92+ points from Galloni, 96 points from Jane Anson and 95-97 points from Lisa Perrotti-Brown MW. Higher-rated vintages like 2018 and 2019 look better poised for investment.

The overall performance trajectory of Opus One has been positive: the brand is up 4% in the last six months, 18% in the last five years, and 95% in the last decade.

Opus One Napa Valley fine wine prices

Penfolds Grange 


Penfolds, Australia’s leading wine brand, released its 2021 vintage slightly below 2020 but above most readily-available older vintages. The new release achieved 98 points from Jane Anson and Erin Larkin (Wine Advocate). Still, buyers will find better value in 2015 and 2016 – two of the most sought-after Penfolds Grange vintages.

Penfolds Grange Australian fine wine prices

Seña

The 2023 vintage of Seña, which received 95 points from Joaquin Hidalgo (Vinous) and Jane Anson, was released at £720 per 12×75, down 36% on last year. Still, the 95-point 2018 and 96-point 2019 remain available at lower prices. 

In the last six months, our Seña index has risen 2%; over the past decade, it is up 70%.

Mondavi and Chadwick Sena fine wine prices

Almaviva

Almaviva, the most popular Chilean wine brand, also offered its 2023 vintage via La Place this September, at £924 per 12×75 case. The new vintage was awarded 96 points from Joaquin Hidalgo, placing it on par with the 2021 and 2019 vintages. The 2023 Almaviva has been one of the better value La Place releases, although from its back vintages, 2020 and 2019 look equally or even more attractive.

Almaviva fine wine prices

In terms of overall brand performance, our Almaviva index is up 141% in the last decade. The brand’s average price per case now stands at £1,565.

Almaviva fine wine index

The 2025 La Place campaign inevitably reflects the global economic climate as well as the challenges and the resilience of today’s fine wine market. A cautious economic backdrop and softer demand have prompted some estates to step aside and others to lower prices, yet La Place continues to expand in scope and influence.

The arrival of new producers from Argentina, Australia, the Loire, and California highlights its ongoing globalisation, while established icons like Masseto, Solaia, Opus One, and Almaviva still command worldwide attention. The key for buyers remains having a selective and comparative approach. While new releases carry prestige and immediate buzz, back vintages often provide stronger value and proven performance. 

Want to learn more? See also: Is buying early always the best investment?

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

 

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Is buying early always the best investment?

Italian wine cellar
  • The common concept in fine wine investment has been that buying early (at release) often translates into the best possible price.
  • The concept has its roots in Bordeaux’s En Primeur system but the principle has been challenged in the last decade.
  • Ageing potential is important, but it is not the only factor in price performance.

Timing is crucial when it comes to almost every decision. While not all investments have a lifespan, some do – and fine wine is a prime example of a perishable good that evolves, peaks and declines in quality and value. 

The common concept in fine wine investment has been that buying early or at release often translates into buying at the best possible (lowest) price. Recent Bordeaux En Primeur campaigns have worked against this principle. Individual wine indices, such as those on Wine Track also show that the price performance of a wine is driven by numerous factors beyond age. The value arc does not simply follow the life cycle of the product but responds to demand, critic scores, and brand popularity among other factors.

So, is buying early always the best investment? The answer, as we’ll see, is far more nuanced.

The origins of buying early: Bordeaux En Primeur

The concept of buying wine early has its roots in Bordeaux’s En Primeur system. Emerging in the post-war decades of the 20th century, it was designed to provide much-needed cash flow to châteaux, while offering buyers privileged access to top wines before they were bottled.

En Primeur still works broadly the same way today: buyers purchase wine in the spring following the harvest, while the wine is still ageing in barrel. Delivery follows one to two years later, once bottling has taken place.

For decades, this system benefitted both producers and buyers. Châteaux received upfront financing, while collectors and investors gained access to some of the most prestigious wines in the world at prices significantly lower than they would command once bottled.

The traditional promise of buying early

The original attraction of En Primeur was simple: buy early, secure allocations, and enjoy price appreciation once the wine is released to the wider market. In exceptional vintages like 1982, 2000, or 2005, those who bought early often saw spectacular returns.

For investors, the logic was straightforward:

  • Scarcity effect: Once the wine left the château, supply only diminished as bottles were consumed.
  • Pricing advantage: En Primeur pricing was historically lower than post-release retail.
  • Access to top names: For blue-chip estates like Lafite, Latour, and Margaux, early purchases guaranteed allocations that might otherwise be difficult to secure later.

In these circumstances, buying early equates to buying smart.

When buying early backfires

The past decade, however, has challenged this principle. Several Bordeaux En Primeur campaigns, most notably in 2017 and even 2020, saw release prices set so high that early buyers struggled to achieve returns. In some cases, wines could be purchased at equal or lower prices a year or two after bottling.

The reasons are clear:

  • Aggressive pricing by châteaux: A stronger global demand for fine wine has emboldened producers to set ambitious release prices.
  • Market corrections: Economic slowdowns, global trade disruptions, and shifting consumer preferences have softened demand after release.
  • Vintage variation: Lesser or more challenging vintages often lack the critical acclaim needed to sustain premium En Primeur pricing.

For investors, this has underscored the risk of assuming that ‘earliest means cheapest’.

What makes fine wine different from other assets

To understand why timing matters so much in wine investment, it’s important to recognise how wine differs from other asset classes:

  • Finite supply: Unlike companies that can issue more shares, every bottle consumed reduces global availability.
  • Physical lifespan: Wine matures and eventually declines; it is not a perpetual store of value like gold.
  • Quality peaks: Different wines have different drinking windows, meaning investors must consider not just price but also maturity and market timing.
  • Luxury demand drivers: Beyond fundamentals, fine wine is influenced by critic scores, branding, and even lifestyle trends among global collectors.

This blend of scarcity, perishability, and cultural cachet makes wine a unique – and uniquely complex – investment.

Beyond age: the real drivers of value

Ageing potential is important, but it is not the only factor in price performance. Modern wine indices and case studies reveal a more layered picture. Key drivers include:

  • Critic scores: A 100-point rating from Robert Parker, Neal Martin, or William Kelley can send prices soaring overnight.
  • Producer reputation: Estates like Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Screaming Eagle, or Krug often outperform peers regardless of vintage quality.
  • Market cycles: Broader economic forces, from currency fluctuations to tariff policies, can depress or lift wine prices.
  • Brand popularity: Rising interest in regions like Champagne or Tuscany can create waves of demand that drive prices beyond what traditional models predict.

In other words, while time and age matter, they are not the sole determinants of performance.

When buying early makes sense

Despite these caveats, buying early can still be an excellent strategy under the right conditions.

  • Exceptional vintages: En Primeur remains compelling in universally acclaimed years, where demand is strong and release pricing is competitive.
  • High-demand producers: Cult estates with limited production – such as Château Lafleur in Pomerol or Domaine Leflaive in Burgundy – make early buying critical for securing allocations.
  • Collector profiles: For those who value access as much as investment return, buying early provides peace of mind.

For these buyers, the combination of access, scarcity, and potential upside makes early purchase attractive.

Alternative timing strategies

If early purchase is no longer a guarantee of success, what are the alternatives?

  • Back-vintage buys: Many investors now prefer to target wines once bottled and scored, when pricing stabilises and market sentiment is clearer.
  • Diversification by region: Burgundy, Champagne, and Italy’s Super Tuscans increasingly offer opportunities outside the Bordeaux En Primeur cycle.
  • Mixed approach: A blend of early allocations (for access) and carefully chosen back-vintage purchases (for value) often proves the most resilient strategy.

By broadening their scope and diversifying their portfolios with different regions and vintages, investors can reduce risk and capture opportunities across global markets.

See also: The best fine wines to invest in 2025

The role of La Place de Bordeaux today

It’s also worth noting that the traditional Bordeaux system has evolved. La Place de Bordeaux, the centuries-old distribution network, now offers not just En Primeur but also back vintages and non-Bordeaux icons such as Opus One, Masseto, and Almaviva.

These September releases are already bottled and ready to ship, offering global investors access to top wines without the risks of futures. In many ways, they reflect the modernisation of fine wine trading: access, liquidity, and global reach, without the same timing pressures as En Primeur.

The art of timing in investment

The idea that buying early is always the best investment belongs to another era. While there are still moments when buying at release delivers the greatest value, these are no longer guaranteed.

Fine wine is unlike any other asset: it is finite, perishable, and driven as much by culture and reputation as by supply and demand. Successful investors understand that while time is crucial, it is not the only variable.

The smart investor balances early buying in exceptional vintages with selective secondary market purchases, diversifies across regions and producers, and pays close attention to global demand trends.

WineCap’s independent market analysis showcases the value of portfolio diversification and the stability offered by investing in wine. Speak to one of our wine investment experts and start building your portfolio. Schedule your free consultation today.

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Champagne harvest under scrutiny as region bounces back

Moet and Chandon Champagne vineyard
  • To promote the highest standards, Champagne set the 2025 yield limit at the lowest level since the pandemic, though early projections suggest a 10–17% year-on-year increase in the natural crop.
  • Comité Champagne introduced “Together for the Champagne Harvest” to align all producers with welfare standards.
  • Champagne’s investment market is beginning to show subtle signs of recovery, supported by improving conditions across the region.

Harvest 2025: Notable yield cap upholds high standards

In July, Champagne stakeholders set a yield cap of 9,000 kg/ha for the 2025 harvest, making it the lowest since the 2020 pandemic year. The industry decision-making body, the Comité Champagne called the move “responsible” citing market uncertainty, geopolitical tensions, and volatile consumer behaviour making forecasting more difficult, as the reasons for the limit.

Yield caps since 2020 (kg/ha)

  • 2020: 8,000
  • 2021: 10,000
  • 2022: 12,000
  • 2023: 11,400
  • 2024: 10,000

The objective of the 2025 reduction is not only to balance production with sales projections: it also aims to support high standards and preserve the exclusivity of Champagne. This investment in quality and new worker welfare measures are positioning the region’s top wines for worthwhile and sustainable investment opportunities.

Champagne key facts

  • Located in northeastern France
  • Received Champagne AOC in 1936
  • 16,000 grape growers & 320 producers
  • 300 million bottles yearly
  • Annual revenue exceeds €5 billion
  • The third most important fine wine investment region after Bordeaux and Burgundy

What is the Comité Champagne?

Established in 1941 and headquartered in Épernay, the Comité Champagne operates as the umbrella organisation for the Champagne industry. This interprofessional organisation promotes cooperation between the Syndicat Général de Vignerons de Champagne (SGV) and the Union des Maisons de Champagne (UMC), two professional groups representing more than 16,000 winegrowers and 350 Champagne houses.

New health, safety, and well-being measures

As the 2025 harvest begins, the Champagne appellation is under observation, with the region determined to counter a tarnished reputation after poor seasonal worker treatment in 2023 recently led to the jailing of three harvest crew contractors. Around 120,000 seasonal harvest workers are arriving across the region to work 34,000 hectares of vines, with their welfare being closely watched.

Following the infamous 2023 season, it’s not only harvest team wellbeing in the spotlight: the protection of the Champagne region’s name and value are also of parallel importance. In line with this two-pronged mission, the Comité Champagne has addressed the challenges with the “Together for the Champagne Harvest” scheme, responding to both the needs of Champagne professionals and the expectations of seasonal workers. 

What is the “Together for the Champagne Harvest”?

Following more than a hundred purpose-driven meetings in 2024, when the sector trialled new measures to improve the safety of seasonal workers, “Together for the Champagne Harvest” was born. The initiative takes the form of a series of guides and talks, informing stakeholders of the labor regulations in force. Aimed at making the Champagne harvest more ethical, collaborative, and organised, the scheme brings together four areas of top priority industry focus:

  • health and safety during harvest
  • collective accommodation for seasonal workers
  • service provision
  • recruitment 

The areas contribute to an emphasis on broader sustainable wine production. All stakeholders were involved in the process: Champagne winegrowers and houses, government departments, inspection services, Mutualité Sociale Agricole, France Travail, prevention and emergency services, employee unions, and service providers. 

What are the Moët & Chandon wellbeing measures?

Global Champagne name, Moët & Chandon, has been a leader in harvest crew welfare for years. During the harvest season, Moët & Chandon employs more than 4,000 people, the lion’s share of whom work in the vineyards. With such a huge operation, the focus is constantly on safety, grape harvest crew welfare, and operational efficiency.

Each harvester receives safety training and a full set of protective equipment for all weather conditions, with health and safety officers present in the field to provide stand-by. Additionally, since 2018, Moët & Chandon has also welcomed 18 physiotherapists to their accommodation centers to support physical well-being.

Moët & Chandon continues to invest in modern and comfortable accommodation for directly-contracted workers. The grape pickers employed by external partners enjoy the same high standards, with the house auditing accommodation ahead of the harvest and inspecting sites during picking.

All sites are equipped with dedicated spaces for relaxation and leisure. Last year, the house established a weekly rest day. In the morning, grape pickers can take part in relaxing activities, followed by behind-the-scenes visits to Moët’s pressing centers.

The aim is to allow harvesters to see how their work contributes to the creation of the Champagnes, and to participate in the story of Moët & Chandon.

Moët & Chandon key facts

  • Founded in 1743 in Épernay, France, where it’s headquartered
  • Part of Wines & Spirits division under Moët Hennessy, which is part of LVMH
  • Moët & Chandon tends 1,150 hectares of vines
  • Vineyards in Montagne de Reims, Vallée de la Marne, and Côte des Blancs
  • Their flagship label, Dom Pérignon Vintage, has risen almost 100% in value in the last decade

A quick look at Champagne’s wine investment market

After more than a year of declines, Champagne market trends are pointing to stabilisation. 

Since 2020, there have been two clear phases in market movement: initially, there was a 93.9% swell from March 2020 to October 2022, then a 34.7% decline that restored prices to 2021 levels. Although modest, June saw the first price uptick, paired with consolidation among top brands, indicating that the bearish market might soon be over. 

Fundamentals such as scarcity, ageing potential, sustainability, and global demand are intact, with more attractive entry points increasing the appeal of Champagne investment. The region is well positioned to be the first fine wine area to re-enter growth, making wine portfolio diversification opportunities difficult to ignore.

For more, read our Champagne Regional Report.

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Fine wine investment returns: if you’d put £1,000 in 10 years ago

Piemonte Italy wine region

Fine wine has long been celebrated as both a pleasure to own and a source of steady, inflation-beating returns. But how much difference can the choice of region, producer, and timing make over the long term?

Using Wine Track data, we’ve taken a decade-long view – from 2015 to 2025 – to see exactly how a £1,000 investment in some of the world’s most sought-after wines would have performed. The results reveal disparities between regions and labels, driven by factors such as scarcity, critical acclaim, brand momentum, and the fluctuations of global demand.

In some cases, your £1,000 would have barely kept pace with inflation. In others, it could have doubled, tripled, or even more – often in places you might not expect. What’s more, because fine wine is a cyclical market, today’s leaders aren’t always tomorrow’s winners, and periods of market correction can present some of the best opportunities for future growth.

This analysis explores several key regions, showing not just the percentage returns but also what your £1,000 investment would be worth today, and what you could have bought then compared with now.

Bordeaux: a decade of divergence

In 2015, a £1,000 investment in a top Bordeaux could have taken very different paths over the following decade. If you had chosen Château Figeac, your £1,000 would now be worth £2,310 – more than doubling your money thanks to a +131% average return over the past decade. This performance has been fuelled by Figeac’s promotion to Premier Grand Cru Classé A and consistently high-scoring vintages.

Château Les Carmes Haut-Brion in Pessac-Léognan has been another star performer, climbing 163% over the past ten years. This is a rare combination of strong brand momentum, critical acclaim, and relative scarcity, making it one of the most compelling growth stories in the Bordeaux market.

By contrast, the First Growths have had a more subdued performance. Looking at the current average market prices for the several blue-chip Pauillac labels and their second wines, the past decade has been anything but uniform:

  • Château Lafite Rothschild sits today at around £5,106 per case, up just 6% over the last decade. This reflects both its lofty 2015 starting point and the cooling of the top-tier Bordeaux segment in recent years. However, some vintages have outperformed the overall brand.
  • Château Latour is similar, with a 10-year rise of 4%, now averaging £4,960 per case.
  • Château Mouton Rothschild fared better, with a 22% decade-long gain to £4,496 per case, thanks partly to strong demand for key vintages in the late 2010s.

The best relative value in the First Growth orbit has often been found in their second wines:

This ‘second wine premium’ over the decade illustrates a key point for investors: sometimes the best relative value comes not from the pinnacle labels, but from their immediate tier below. These wines benefit from the halo effect of the grand vin’s reputation while offering lower starting prices.

However, the current context matters. The performance of the Liv-ex 50 (First Growths) and Bordeaux 500 (broader region) shows how the 2022 peak has given way to a sharp correction, with prices now trending towards 2015 levels. This is classic market cyclicality: those who bought during the previous trough and held through the rally have realised strong gains; those entering now may be positioning themselves at the start of the next upswing.

Burgundy: the market reset

If Bordeaux’s decade has been a story of cyclical swings and selective outperformance, Burgundy’s has been one of explosive gains followed by a sharp correction. The Liv-ex Burgundy 150 index more than quadrupled between 2015 and its 2022 peak, fuelled by surging global demand for small-production, high-prestige domaines. Since then, prices have retraced significantly, but remain far above their 2015 levels, underscoring the long-term wealth-generating power of the region’s top wines.

At the very top sits Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, whose sky-high starting point means it was always going to operate in a different financial stratosphere to most wines. Over the past decade, prices have risen by 147%, elevating the wine’s average price per case to £213,303.

Among the biggest long-term winners is Domaine René Engel, Vosne-Romanée Premier Cru Aux Brûlées, which has climbed 1,482% in the past decade. That’s enough to turn £1,000 into a staggering £15,820 today. Engel’s cult status has only intensified since the sudden passing of Philippe Engel in 2005, leaving the estate without a clear successor, and its eventual sale to François Pinault, who renamed it Domaine d’Eugénie.

Meanwhile, Domaine Leroy Richebourg Grand Cru has appreciated by 507% over the same period, due to a combination of biodynamic viticulture, minuscule yields, and demand consistently outstripping supply.

The sheer magnitude of these returns reflects Burgundy’s unique market dynamics:

  • Scarcity at every level – often just a handful of barrels per cru.
  • Global demand from Asia to the Americas.
  • Producer-led brand power that eclipses even vintage variation in driving prices.

Yet the post-2022 decline in Burgundy shows that even this hallowed region is not immune to market cycles. For investors, today’s lower prices could represent a rare opportunity to enter or rebalance Burgundy holdings – though the barriers to entry at the very top remain as formidable as ever.

Champagne: the market fizzes with potential

Champagne has traditionally been viewed as a steady, blue-chip corner of the fine wine market: less volatile than Burgundy and Bordeaux, yet capable of delivering strong long-term growth. Over the past decade, the Champagne 50 index has shown a clear upward trajectory, punctuated by a sharp rally between 2019 and 2022 before a mild correction. 

The most eye-catching long-term gains have come not only from the established houses but also from small-production grower-producers like Egly-Ouriet, Brut Millésime Grand Cru, which has surged 633% in the last decade. That growth has been fuelled by a wave of sommelier-driven interest in terroir-driven Champagne and limited allocations reaching the market.

Prestige cuvées from major houses have also rewarded patient investors. Salon Le Mesnil-sur-Oger Grand Cru has delivered a 298% return, while Billecart-Salmon Le Clos Saint-Hilaire climbed 203%.

A particularly notable outlier is Cédric Bouchard, Rosé de Saignée Le Creux d’Enfer, with an extraordinary 418% return – turning £1,000 into £5,180 – reflecting the explosive demand for rare, artisanal Champagne in recent years.

Champagne’s appeal lies in its dual identity: both a luxury good for immediate enjoyment and a serious investment asset. With the market cooling slightly from 2022 highs, current conditions may offer attractive entry points for those looking to secure allocations before the next phase of appreciation.

Italy: quiet consistency and standout performers

Italy’s fine wine market has been a story of steady, broad-based growth over the past decade, delivering consistent returns and avoiding some of the more extreme volatility seen in Burgundy or Champagne. 

At the very top of the performance table sits G.B. Burlotto Barolo Monvigliero, with a remarkable 1,162% return over the last ten years. In Tuscany, Soldera Casse Basse, Brunello di Montalcino Riserva has been a powerhouse, rising 280% over the decade. The modern Tuscan icon Masseto has also posted a healthy 79%, taking £1,000 to £1,790.

Italy’s appeal lies in its combination of relative affordability, quality across multiple regions, and improving international distribution. While Piedmont’s and Tuscany’s top names have led the charge, there’s also significant breadth in the country from Abruzzo, Veneto, and beyond, giving investors multiple entry points into a market with both stability and pockets of spectacular growth.

Lessons from a decade of fine wine investing

Looking back from 2025, one reality stands out: fine wine is not a single market, but a patchwork of micro-markets, each with its own rhythm, risks, and rewards. 

For investors, three lessons are clear:

  1. Selection is everything – Even within a single region, the difference between a modest gain and a market-beating return can be measured in multiples.
  2. Cycles create opportunity – Market peaks and troughs are inevitable; buying quality during a correction often positions you for the next rally.
  3. Diversification pays off – Spreading capital across regions and producer tiers balances the potential for growth with the stability of blue-chip holdings.

As the market sits in a post-2022 cooling phase, parallels with earlier cycles suggest that this may be a moment for strategic accumulation. History shows that the investors who pair patience with informed selection tend to enjoy the richest rewards – sometimes quite literally.